【題目】國家科技惠民計劃項目“石漠化治理及其生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)科技惠民示范工程”于2014年1月6日在貴州普定縣啟動。此次啟動的畫家科技計劃項目示范工程，由中科院地化所牽頭實施，選取滇桂黔石漠化集中連片貧困地區(qū)的典型代表——貴州普定縣為示范區(qū)，針對喀斯特山區(qū)石漠化嚴重、工程性缺水、土地生產(chǎn)能力低下的主要瓶頸問題，展開技術(shù)攻關(guān)研究和集成應(yīng)用示范。據(jù)此回答下列問題。

（1）你認為造成“石漠化”的主要原因是什么？

（2）防止石漠化的主要方法有哪些？

【答案】（1）貴州境內(nèi)石灰?guī)r分布廣泛，大部分地區(qū)土層較薄，由于不合理的墾殖活動，破壞了原有植被，造成嚴重的沙土流失，導(dǎo)致基巖大面積裸露而出現(xiàn)石漠化現(xiàn)象。

（2）生態(tài)恢復(fù)措施：封山育林、人工種草、草地改良、坡耕地改梯田

生態(tài)工程：實施石漠化綜合治理、水土保持等生態(tài)工程，以促進區(qū)域生態(tài)建設(shè)，鞏固長江、珠江上游的生態(tài)屏障。

【解析】

據(jù)原文中：“石漠化”是指巖石表面的土層長年累月被雨水沖刷，土壤越來越薄，底部的巖石紛紛突出地表而形成名符其實的石山，致使當?shù)馗孛娣e逐漸減少進行分析判斷即可。

據(jù)題目中的：“石漠化”是指巖石表面的土層長年累月被雨水沖刷，土壤越來越薄，底部的巖石紛紛突出地表而形成名符其實的石山，致使當?shù)馗孛娣e逐漸減少可知，造成石漠化的原因是：植被受破壞，造成水土流失；防止石漠化可以有生態(tài)恢復(fù)措施及生態(tài)工程措施，生態(tài)恢復(fù)措施：封山育林、人工種草、草地改良、坡耕地改梯田；生態(tài)工程：實施石漠化綜合治理、水土保持等生態(tài)工程，以促進區(qū)域生態(tài)建設(shè)，鞏固長江、珠江上游的生態(tài)屏障。

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