【題目】下表中為我國(guó)黑龍江、黃河、長(zhǎng)江、珠江四條河流的水文特征。依據(jù)表中信息完成以下問題。

河流

長(zhǎng)度(千米)

有無結(jié)冰期

多年平均徑流總量 (億立方米)

多年平均含沙量 (千克／立方米)

①

2215

無

3360

0.249

②

3101

有

2709

0，16

③

5464

有

660

35

④

6300

無

9500

0.54


（1）四條河流中位于南方地區(qū)的是 ( )
A.①
B.②
C.③
D.④
（2）③河流含沙量大，該流域水土保持的措施是 ( )
A.植樹種草
B.毀林開荒
C.增加放牧數(shù)量，提高收入
D.緩坡建梯田

【答案】
（1）A,D
（2）A,D
【解析】（1）以秦嶺-淮河線為界，以南地區(qū)的河流主要流經(jīng)濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)，水量豐富，汛期長(zhǎng)，含沙量小，冬季河流不結(jié)冰；以北地區(qū)的河流主要流經(jīng)半濕潤(rùn)或半干旱地區(qū)，水量不大，汛期較短，且冬季河流有結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象�？膳卸á佗芎恿魑挥谇貛X、淮河以南的南方地區(qū)。根據(jù)題意，故選：AD。（2）讀表可知，③為黃河；黃河下游地上河部分經(jīng)常泛濫決口；地上河的成因是黃河中游流經(jīng)黃土高原，黃土高原土質(zhì)疏松，植被破壞，土壤裸露，一遇暴雨，水土流失嚴(yán)重，使黃河的泥沙大增，下游又在華北平原上，河床寬坦，水流緩慢，泥沙大量淤積，使河床抬高形成，所以治理黃河的根本措施是在黃河中游植樹種草、修筑梯田，搞好水土保持工作。根據(jù)題意，故選：AD。

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