【題目】比較法是學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域地理常用的方法之一。從以下三個國家中任選兩個,對其自然地理特征加以比較,將異同點填到下面橫線上。
(1)你認為描述一個國家的自然地理特征,應(yīng)包含哪幾方面?(至少三點)。
(2)你要選擇哪兩個國家進行比較 (填寫字母和國名),這兩個國家在自然地理特征上的相同點:(至少兩點) ; 。不同點:(至少兩點) ; 。
【答案】(1) 位置、地形、氣候、河流等
(2)任選兩個字母(略)相同點如下表:
ab | ac | bc | |
地形 | 高原面積較大,平原分布在中間,都有山地、平原、高原 | 高原面積大并分布于南部 | 以高原為主 |
氣候 | 都有熱帶沙漠氣候 | 都以熱帶氣候為主 | 都有熱帶草原氣候 |
河流 | 河流沿岸農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達,都流入印度洋 | 流向相同,流經(jīng)平原地區(qū) | 都是本國最大河流 |
不同點如下表:(2分)
地形 | 氣候 | 河流 | |
a | 高原、平原、山地南北分布 | 典型的熱帶季風氣候 | 流向東部 |
b | 西部高原、東部山地 | 以熱帶、亞熱帶沙漠草原氣候為主 | 河流較短 |
c | 北部平原、南部高原 | 以熱帶草原和熱帶雨林氣候為主 | 世界上最大的河流,流入大西洋 |
(以上答案僅供參考,其他答案酌情處理)
【解析】
從圖上可以判斷出a為印度,b為澳大利亞,c為巴西。通常的自然地理特征包括位置、地形、氣候和河流等各個方面。三個國家地形上都有平原和高原,但在具體的方位分布上有所不同,比如印度和巴西的高原分布于南部地區(qū),而澳大利亞主要分布于西部;氣候上三國都是以熱帶為主,但降水量不同,印度是典型的季風氣候,澳大利亞以沙漠草原氣候為主,而巴西則以草原雨林為主。河流方面,圖示三國的河流中,印度流向東部,澳大利亞河流較短,巴西的亞馬孫河則是世界上最大的河流,流入大西洋。
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