【題目】某國(guó)家2016年年初共有人口500萬(wàn)人，該年內(nèi)出生并成活的嬰兒4.85萬(wàn)人，死亡人口5.2萬(wàn)人．據(jù)此回答下面小題．

【1】該國(guó)2016年的人口自然增長(zhǎng)率為（　　）

A. 20.1%B. ﹣0.07%C. ﹣0.7%D. 9.7%

【2】目前該國(guó)面臨的人口問(wèn)題可能是（　　）

A. 人口增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快，就業(yè)壓力過(guò)大

B. 環(huán)境惡化，住房緊張

C. 勞動(dòng)力短缺

D. 勞動(dòng)力過(guò)剩

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【解析】

人口的自然增長(zhǎng)主要是由出生率和死亡率決定的。人口自然增長(zhǎng)率與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平有密切聯(lián)系。近幾十年來(lái)，隨著生活和醫(yī)療水平的提高，嬰兒死亡率逐漸降低，人的壽命不斷延長(zhǎng)。這樣就促使世界人口迅速增長(zhǎng)；一般來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高的國(guó)家，人口的自然增長(zhǎng)較慢；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低的國(guó)家，人口的自然增長(zhǎng)較快，進(jìn)行分析解答。

【1】自然增長(zhǎng)率是指一年內(nèi)一定地區(qū)的自然增長(zhǎng)人口（出生人數(shù)減死亡人數(shù)）與總?cè)丝谥龋匀辉鲩L(zhǎng)率=出生率﹣死亡率= ×100%﹣× ×100%=﹣0.07%。故選：B。

【2】人口的自然增長(zhǎng)主要是由出生率和死亡率決定的。題中某國(guó)家該年內(nèi)出生并成活嬰兒4.85萬(wàn)人，死亡人口5.2萬(wàn)人．說(shuō)明人口出現(xiàn)了負(fù)增長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)象。在歐洲的一些國(guó)家，比如意大利、德國(guó)和瑞典，近些年來(lái)人口一直處于負(fù)增長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)，已引起勞動(dòng)力短缺、人口老齡化等問(wèn)題。故選：C。

考查人口自然增長(zhǎng)率的計(jì)算和人口問(wèn)題。

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