【題目】讀下列材料.分析回答問題。(12分)
材料一:2014年8月3日16時(shí)30分在云南省昭通市魯?shù)榭h(北緯27.1度,東經(jīng)103.3度)發(fā)生6.5級(jí)地震,震源深度12千米。傷亡慘重,損失巨大。
材料二 如圖
(1)寫出下列地理坐標(biāo)(每空2分)
魯?shù)?/span> B C
(2)此次地震的產(chǎn)生是由 板塊和 板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)造成的。(每空1分)
(3)為了預(yù)防地震,下列避震措施中,不正確的是( )(2分)
A.爭(zhēng)先恐后奪門而逃
B.躲到課桌下,雙手抱頭
C.靠墻角的同學(xué)在墻角躲避
D.安全躲避,等地震過后在老師的安排下有計(jì)劃逃到開闊地帶
(4)六大板塊中,幾乎全部是海洋的是 板塊。(2分)
【答案】
(1)(27.1°N,103.3°E) (30°N,110°E ) (20°S,120°E)
(2)亞歐 印度洋
(3)A
(4)太平洋
【解析】
試題分析:
(1)在經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)上,經(jīng)線的度數(shù)叫做經(jīng)度,若相鄰兩條經(jīng)線的經(jīng)度向東增大,就是東經(jīng),用符號(hào)E表示,若相鄰兩條經(jīng)線的經(jīng)度向西增大,就是西經(jīng),用符號(hào)W表示;緯線的度數(shù)叫緯度,若相鄰兩條緯線的緯度向北增大,就是北緯,用符號(hào)N表示,若相鄰兩條緯線的緯度向南增大,就是南緯,用符號(hào)S表示。據(jù)題干及圖可知:魯?shù)榈淖鴺?biāo)是(27.1°N,103.3°E);B點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(30°N,110°E );C點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(20°S,120°E)。
(2)板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)說認(rèn)為,由巖石組成的地球表面并不是一塊整體,而是由亞歐板塊、太平洋板塊、非洲板塊、美洲板塊、印度洋板塊和南極洲板塊六大板塊拼合而成,組成地表的各大板塊處于不停的運(yùn)動(dòng)中。一般來說,板塊的內(nèi)部地殼比較穩(wěn)定,板塊與板塊交界的地帶即板塊邊緣地帶,有的張裂拉伸,有的碰撞擠壓,地殼比較活躍,容易形成火山、地震。據(jù)題意可知: 此次地震的產(chǎn)生是由亞歐板塊和印度洋板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)造成的。
(3)科學(xué)的避震方法在一定程度上可以降低人員傷亡。地震發(fā)生時(shí),如果在室內(nèi)(樓房),可選擇在堅(jiān)實(shí)的家具下或小跨度衛(wèi)生間、廚房等處躲藏;在教室里要在教師指揮下迅速抱頭、閉眼、蹲在各自的課桌下。地震一停,迅速有序撤離;無論在何處躲避,都要盡量用棉被、枕頭、書包或其他軟物體保護(hù)頭部,發(fā)生地震時(shí)應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離建筑物、危險(xiǎn)品,就近采取防護(hù)措施,因此爭(zhēng)先恐后奪門而逃是錯(cuò)誤的,故本題選A。
(4)在六大板塊中,太平洋板塊幾乎全部位于海洋上,因此幾乎全部是海洋的板塊。
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