小達欲配制100g 6%的過氧化氫溶液,需用30%的過氧化氫溶液和水各多少克?
解:根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)概念:溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%,可知,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù),
再根據(jù)溶液配制前后溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量不變,
設需用30%的過氧化氫質(zhì)量為x,
可得:100×6%=x×30%,
解得:x=20g;
設需水y,
可得:溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=
×100%=6%,
解得:y=80g,
故答案為:過氧化氫溶液:20g 水:80g
分析:本題考查溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的計算及一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)溶液的配制,根據(jù)溶液配制前后溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量不變可計算出過氧化氫質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)概念:溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%即可求出水的質(zhì)量.
點評:溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的計算及一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)溶液的配制需同學們靈活運用,要特別注意:溶液質(zhì)量=溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量+溶劑質(zhì)量.