將4.2g含雜質(zhì)的氯化鋇樣品溶于盛有一定量水的燒杯中,再向制得的氯化鋇溶液中加入20g一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的硫酸鈉溶液,恰好完全反應(yīng),生成4.66g白色沉淀.反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為:Na2SO4+BaCl2═BaSO4↓+2NaCl.
求:
(1)樣品中BaCl2的質(zhì)量分數(shù);
(2)Na2SO4溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù).(計算結(jié)果精確到0.1)
解:(1)設(shè)參加反應(yīng)的BaCl
2的質(zhì)量為x,反應(yīng)的Na
2SO
4的質(zhì)量為y
Na
2SO
4+BaCl
2═BaSO
4↓+2NaCl.
142 208 233
y x 4.66g
=
=
x=4.16g y=2.84g
所以樣品中氯化鋇的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為:
×100%=9 9%
(2)硫酸鈉溶液溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)是:
×100%=14.2%
答:(1)樣品中BaCl
2的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為9 9%.
(2)Na
2SO
4溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量粉數(shù)為14.2%
分析:根據(jù)生成的沉淀的質(zhì)量和方程式中氯化鋇、硫酸鈉與硫酸鋇的質(zhì)量比求出氯化鋇的質(zhì)量和硫酸鈉的質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)質(zhì)量分數(shù)和溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)的計算方法求出樣品中氯化鋇的質(zhì)量分數(shù),硫酸鈉溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù).(溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%)
點評:本題考查了學(xué)生依據(jù)方程式計算的能力,同時考查了物質(zhì)的純度及溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù).