【答案】
分析:根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的概念計算即可.溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%,以及物質(zhì)放入水中是溶質(zhì)的種類進行分析,Na
2O、P
2O
5放入水中溶質(zhì)會是與水反應生成的物質(zhì),溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量會比放入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量大,結(jié)晶水合物放入水中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量會比放入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量。
解答:解:因為溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%,現(xiàn)在所給溶液的質(zhì)量是100g,要想讓溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為n%,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量必須是ng.
(1)當m=n時,放入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量不變化,7種物質(zhì)中NaCl;KNO
3溶于水后,它們不與水反應,即溶質(zhì)還是它們,所以溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分n%;
(2)當m>n時即要求溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量放入水中要小于mg才能使溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)等于n%,Na
2CO
3?10H
2O;CuSO
4?5H
2O帶結(jié)晶水,它們?nèi)苡谒蠼Y(jié)晶水會失去使溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量小于mg,能配制成n%的溶液.
(3)當m<n時,要想配置成n%的溶液,就得要求溶液中的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量大于放入物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,Na
2O、P
2O
5溶于水后,它們會與水反應生成新的溶質(zhì),溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量會大于mg,此時溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)會等于n%;
故答案為:(1)NaCl;KNO
3(2)Na
2CO
3?10H
2O;CuSO
4?5H
2O(3)Na
2O;P
2O
5;
點評:計算溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)時,一定要注意溶質(zhì)和溶劑的量,有的溶質(zhì)會與水反應生成新的溶質(zhì),此時溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量發(fā)生改變,同學們要特別注意.