分析:(1)利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù),可根據(jù)溶液的質(zhì)量和溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)計算配制溶液所需要的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量;再根據(jù)溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量即可求得蒸餾水的質(zhì)量.
(2)根據(jù)配制溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)一定的溶液的基本步驟進行分析解答.
解答:解:(1)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù),配制0.9%的醫(yī)用生理鹽水500g,需氯化鈉的質(zhì)量=500g×0.9%=4.5g;溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,則所需蒸餾水的質(zhì)量=500g-4.5g=495.5g(水的密度為1g/mL,合495.5mL).
(2)配制一定質(zhì)量、一定質(zhì)量分數(shù)的氯化鈉溶液,首先計算配制溶液所需氯化鈉和水的質(zhì)量,再稱量所需的氯化鈉和量取水,最后進行溶解.
故答案為:(1)4.5;495.5;(2)稱量、溶解.
點評:本題難度不大,明確配制一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的溶液實驗步驟、注意事項等是正確解答本題的關鍵.