D
分析:要使100克含水99%的食鹽溶液變成含水98%的食鹽溶液,即使溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)由1%變?yōu)?%;根據(jù)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)計算方法計算即可.
解答:要使100克含水99%的食鹽溶液變成含水98%的食鹽溶液,即使溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)由1%變?yōu)?%,100克含水99%的食鹽溶液中水的質(zhì)量是100g×99%=49g,食鹽的質(zhì)量是100g-99g=1g;
A、再加入1g食鹽,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)是:
×100%=1.98%,不滿足要求,故A錯誤;
B、蒸發(fā)掉49g水,則溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量是1g,溶液質(zhì)量是100g-49g=51g,所以溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)是:
×100%=1.96%,不滿足要求,故B錯誤;
C、加1%的食鹽溶液100,質(zhì)量分數(shù)相同的溶液混合后,質(zhì)量分數(shù)不變,故C錯誤;
D、蒸發(fā)掉50g水,則溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量是1g,溶液質(zhì)量是100g-50g=50g,所以溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)是:
×100%=18.2%,滿足要求,正確;
故選D.
點評:在解此類題時,首先找出溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量和溶液質(zhì)量,然后計算溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)與題中的要求進行比較分析,要使溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)加倍,蒸發(fā)溶劑的質(zhì)量=原溶液質(zhì)量的一半,可作為規(guī)律直接使用.