15．"Most experiences of absent-mindedness，forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just went into a room，are caused by a simple lack（缺乏） of attention，"says Schacter，a scientist from New York University．"You're supposed to remember something，but you haven't encoded（編碼） it deeply．"
Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression（印象） on recalling（回想起） it later．Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations．If you put your mobile phone in a pocket，for example，and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved（參加） in a conversation，you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard．"Your memory itself isn't failing you，"says Schacter，"Rather，you didn't give your memory system the information it needed．"
Lack of interest is another reason which can lead to absent-mindedness．"A man who can recite（列舉） sports statistics from 30years ago，"says Zelinski，another scientist from New York University，"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox．"Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment，and memory depends on just that．
"Visual cues（視覺提示） can help prevent absent-mindedness，"says Schacter．"But be sure the cue is clear and available（有用的）．"If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch，put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket．
Another common experience of absent-mindedness is：walking into a room and wondering why you're there．Most likely，you were thinking about something else．"Everyone does this from time to time，"says Zelinski．"The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you'll likely remember．"
57．The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important becauseD．
A．it helps us to get back to where we were
B．it slows down the process of losing our memory
C．it helps us understand our memory system better
D．it makes us able to recall something from our memory
58．One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is thatD．
A．they rely more on the environment
B．they have a wider range of interests
C．they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D．they are more interested in what is happening around them
59．The passage is mainly aboutC．
A．the memory system of persons
B．a way of encoding and recalling
C．the causes of absent-mindedness
D．the impression of the environment on memory．
