Question

【題目】 A study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health shows for the first time that exposure（接觸）to green space during childhood may have beneficial（有益的）effects on brain development.

The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren from the BREATHE project in Barcelona (Spain). Lifelong exposure to green space in the living places was recorded—using the satellite—based information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D MRI（核磁共振圖像）. Working memory and inattentiveness were graded with computers.

The primary schoolchildren who have been raised in homes surrounded by more greenspace tend to present with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are connected with beneficial effects on cognitive function（認(rèn)知功能）. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.

"This is the first study that shows the connection between long—term exposure to green space and brain structure." Says, the leading researcher of the study, "Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain. It also shows the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health."

This study also suggests that it is beneficial to increase greenness in cities. Green space can provide children with chances for psychological restoration（心理康復(fù)）and prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively（肯定地）influence different aspects of brain development. What's more, greener areas often have lower levels of air pollution, which could bring indirect benefits for brain development.

Anyway, further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.

【1】The second paragraph is mainly about ________.

A.how the study was carried outB.what was recorded in the study

C.how long the study lastedD.who took part in the study

【2】The word "prompt" in Paragraph 5 probably means " ________".

A.controlB.encourageC.balanceD.change

【3】What can we learn from the passage?

A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.

B.Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.

C.This study proved the influence of greenness on populations outside of Spain.

D.Larger volumes of white and grey matter might lead to better working memory.

【4】What is the best title of the passage?

A.The greener space children grow up in, the longer they live.

B.Growing up in the green area may do good to brain development.

C.Early life exposure to greenness may have lasting effects on health.

D.More outdoor green space leads to a greater increase in inattentiveness.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】D

【4】B

【解析】

本文是篇科普文章，主要講述了綠色空間對大腦認(rèn)知的影響。巴塞羅那全球健康研究所通過對在校學(xué)生的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在生活中多接觸綠色空間，對學(xué)生的認(rèn)知功能有積極影響，并且能增強(qiáng)工作記憶，減輕注意力不集中的問題。

【1】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren from the BREATHE project in Barcelona (Spain).”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容，可知該段主要介紹這項(xiàng)研究是如何進(jìn)行的。故選A。

【2】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“prompt”所在句句意，可知prompt的感情色彩應(yīng)是正面積極的。control控制；encourage鼓勵，促進(jìn)；balance平衡；change改變，其中只有encourage的感情色彩是正面的。故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“larger volumes of white and grey matter might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.”，可知大量的白質(zhì)和灰質(zhì)可能會導(dǎo)致更好的工作記憶和更少的注意力不集中。故選D。

【4】最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文，可知文章主要講述綠色空間對大腦的影響，同時提到綠色空間和大腦的只有B選項(xiàng)。故選B。