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500 years ago in Britain, the burning of coal (煤) was increasing in cities like London. Coal was used in factories and also used to heat homes. Coal, when burnt makes a lot of smoke, which makes the air very dirty.
About 200 years ago, the Industrial Revolution (工業(yè)革命) began in Britain. Factories were built, and even more coal was burnt. Air pollution was becoming a really big problem.
Smoke and fog together make smog (煙霧). Smog was a big problem in London's winter. Because of the cold weather, more coal was burnt to warm houses and this made more smoke.
When smog stayed over a city, it became really hard to breathe and see clearly. In 1952, the Great London Smog happened and more than 4,000 people died because of the smog.
New laws (法律) were made in 1956 and 1968 to stop such sad things from happening again. These laws were called the Clean Air Acts.
These laws were made so that air would become cleaner. The laws encouraged people to use less coal or switch to other fuels such as gas. Factories started using tall chimneys (煙囪) so that the smoke would go high up in the sky and no longer cover cities, and new factories were built in the countryside. Smog appeared less often and the air became cleaner.
小題1:From the passage, we learn that smog was a big problem in ______ in London.
A．springB．summerC．autumnD．winter
小題2:The underlined words "switch to" mean "______"  in Chinese.
A．發(fā)明B．換用C．拒絕D．節(jié)省
小題3:Which was NOT a way people in Britain used to make the air cleaner, according to the passage?
A．Factories built higher chimneys.
B．People began to use less coal.
C．More People began to ride bikes.
D．New factories were built outside cities.
小題4:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Air Pollution in Britain in the Past.
B．How to Make the Air Cleaner.
C．Smog Is Bad for the Environment.
D．New Laws to Stop Air Pollution.

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:D

試題分析：500年以前，英國的環(huán)境污染由煤炭引起，200年以前，由于工業(yè)革命，英國的空氣污染已經成了非常嚴重的社會問題，現(xiàn)在國家采取的對策以減少或杜絕對環(huán)境的污染。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中語句“Smog was a big problem in London's winter.”理解可知。在英國，空氣污染在冬天最嚴重，故選D。
小題2:詞義理解推斷題，根據(jù)文中語句“The laws encouraged people to use less coal or switch to other fuels such as gas.”理解可知。Switch是換用之意，故選B。
小題3:細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中語句“Factories started using tall chimneys (煙囪) so that the smoke would go high up in the sky and no longer cover cities, and new factories were built in the countryside.”理解可知。選擇C，沒有涉及到，人們騎自行車。
小題4:標題歸納題，通讀全文中語句理解可知。在英國新的法律已出臺，來阻止空氣污染，故選D。
點評：閱讀短文時，可以先通讀全文，了解文章大意，并對于其中的詞匯根據(jù)句意進行猜測；然后，帶著問題，在文中找答案，應該注意同義句型的不同表述方式。
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