甲基丙烯酸酯是世界上年產(chǎn)量超過(guò)100萬(wàn)噸的高分子單體.舊法合成的反應(yīng)是:
(CH32C=O+HCN→(CH32C(OH)CN
(CH32C(OH)CN+CH3OH+H2SO4→CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3+NH4HSO4
90年代新法的反應(yīng)是:
CH3CH=CH2+CO+CH3OHCH2= C(CH3)COOCH3與舊法比較,新法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是
A.原料無(wú)爆炸危險(xiǎn)B.原料都是無(wú)毒物質(zhì)
C.沒(méi)有副產(chǎn)物,原料利用率高D.對(duì)設(shè)備腐蝕性較小
B(C)、(D)解析:
略(A):新法的原料中有CO可燃性氣體,有爆炸極限,不能說(shuō)“原料無(wú)爆炸危險(xiǎn)”,棄之。(B):新法的原料中有CO,CO有毒,所以不能說(shuō)“原料都是無(wú)毒物質(zhì)”,棄之。(C):由新法的化學(xué)方程式看,產(chǎn)物只寫了一種,而舊法的反應(yīng)化學(xué)方程式甲,產(chǎn)物寫了兩種,可推知新法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是“沒(méi)有副產(chǎn)物,原料利用率高”,故(C)是答案之一。(D):對(duì)比三個(gè)化學(xué)方程式,可能新法的原料中沒(méi)有HCN和H2SO4,故對(duì)設(shè)備腐蝕性較小,所以(D)是本題的另一個(gè)答案。
這是一道密切聯(lián)系生產(chǎn)實(shí)際的信息遷移題,意在通過(guò)對(duì)三個(gè)化學(xué)方程式的觀察、對(duì)比和分析,考查自學(xué)能力和思維能力,可通過(guò)對(duì)比舊法和新法的反應(yīng)(比較時(shí)要注意選項(xiàng)提出的要求),找出新法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
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