Question

【題目】 Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (責備) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget — if you are shy, you are not the only one.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A. Happiness.B. Shyness.C. Kindness.D. loneliness.

【2】What does the underlined word “genetic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Passed down from parents.B. Learned from friends.

C. Taught by teachers.D. Made up by brothers.

【3】What can be learned from the passage?

A. Most little babies are born shy and quiet.

B. If you are shy now, you will be shy forever.

C. Many shy children have older brothers and sisters.

D. Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions.

【4】We can learn from the passage that _______ may cause shyness.

A. genetics, grown-ups and birthplace

B. genetics, family size and birthplace

C. family size, grown-ups and failure

D. genetics, family size and freedom

【5】Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by______.

A. blaming their failure on outside reasons

B. trying new things and practicing conversation

C. getting themselves away from their shy parents

D. trying to understand reasons for their shyness

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】B

【5】B

【解析】

本文介紹了為什么很多人具有害羞這種性格，以及具有害羞這種性格的壞處和改進方法。

【1】主旨大意題。文中第一段介紹了害羞現(xiàn)象很普遍，第二和三段介紹了導致害羞的原因，最后一段說明害羞的壞處，但是可以以嘗試新事物并練習對話來改變。由此可知本文主要是關于害羞的。故選B。

【2】詞句猜測題。A. Passed down from parents.（從父母那里傳下來）；B. Learned from friends. （從朋友那里學習）；C. Taught by teachers.（由老師教）；D. Made up by brothers. （由兄弟組成）。根據(jù)上文“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents.”（有趣的是，這些害羞的嬰兒通常有害羞的父母。）可知此句“As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”句意是：“因此，科學家們認為有些害羞是遺傳的�！庇纱丝芍�genetic意思是“遺傳”；故選A。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段第3句“They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.”（他們說15%到20%的嬰兒表現(xiàn)得害羞。）可知“A. 大多數(shù)小嬰兒出生時都很害羞和安靜�！卞e誤；根據(jù)最后一段第2句“But scientists say you can get over your shyness.”（但是科學家說你可以克服害羞。）可知“B. 如果你現(xiàn)在害羞，你將永遠害羞�！卞e誤；根據(jù)第4段倒數(shù)第二句“In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported.”（在以色列，強烈支持言論自由和冒險。）可知“D. 大多數(shù)以色列人民不愿發(fā)表意見�！笔清e誤的；根據(jù)第3段第3句“They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)66%的這些人有哥哥姐姐。結果，他們變得害羞起來。）可知“C. 許多害羞的孩子都有哥哥姐姐�！闭�確；故選C。

【4】主旨大意題。第二至四段分別介紹了可能導致害羞的三個原因：遺傳、家庭規(guī)模和出生地。故選B。

【5】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第2句“They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.”（他們建議嘗試新事物并練習對話。）可知科學家建議害羞的人可以通過嘗試新事物和練習對話來克服害羞。故選B。

閱讀理解是最能體現(xiàn)學生英語能力的題型，分值較高，如何通過解題方法的掌握來提升自己解答閱讀理解題的技巧是學生最關心的問題。初中閱讀理解一般考查學生的細節(jié)理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判斷能力。做閱讀理解題，首先要準確理解題意，然后根據(jù)題意和短文內(nèi)容做出正確的答案。（1）考查細節(jié)理解能力，此類型題較簡單，準確理解題意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜詞能力。做這種題型時，要根據(jù)上下文意思準確猜出詞意。3）考查推理判斷能力，此類題型較難，準確理解題意后，在文中找出相關的內(nèi)容做出合理的推斷。（4）考查主旨理解題。此類題型需通讀全文，整體把握，根據(jù)文本主要內(nèi)容選擇合適的選項。例如第2題，根據(jù)上面的描述有一些孩子生來就是害羞的，另外，“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”這些害羞的孩子通常都有害羞的父母。上文這幾句都表示害羞是可以遺傳的，故選A。