Question

【題目】 The earth is about 4,600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.

Water Pollution

A lot of people, birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.

Air Pollution

In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main causes of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example, Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.

Soil Pollution

In order to have a good harvest, most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. That’s bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop.

Hope For The Future

These problems are very serious for our future, so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution, our planet will become more and more beautiful and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people!

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。

【1】_____ have made the earth change a lot.

A. Human beingsB. AnimalsC. PlantsD. People in other planets

【2】There are _____ kinds of pollution in this passage.

A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five

【3】_____ is a big problem now.

A. Pollution.B. Population.C. EducationD. Medical treatment

【4】Which sentence is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Most of the things that we have done are good for our planet.

B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes.

C. Because of water pollution, many rivers and lakes are now dead.

D. Water pollution is very serious nowadays.

【5】Which sentence is TRUE?

A. Though Mexico city is always covered by thick brown clouds, it’s still a beautiful sunny capital.

B. Air pollution can make people sick.

C. Now fewer farmers use chemicals in the fields.

D. Factories, cars, trucks and buses are the main causes of soil pollution.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】A

【4】A

【5】B

【解析】

本文講述了水污染，空氣污染，土壤污染對(duì)地球的傷害和對(duì)未來的希望。

【1】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第1段第2句Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways.（現(xiàn)代人在地球上只生活了35000年，但在這期間，我們?cè)谠S多方面改變了我們的星球。）可知人類已經(jīng)使地球改變?cè)S多；故選A。

【2】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。通讀全文可知本文講述了三種污染（第2段至第4段）：水污染，空氣污染和土壤污染。故選B。

【3】考查主旨理解。本文主要講述污染的危害，可知污染是現(xiàn)在是個(gè)大問題。A.污染B.人口C.教育D.醫(yī)療。故選A。

【4】考查推理判斷。A. Most of the things that we have done are good for our planet. 我們所做的大多數(shù)事情對(duì)我們的星球都有好處。根據(jù)第1段最后一句Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.（我們所做的許多事是好的，但更多的是對(duì)地球不好的。）可知A錯(cuò)誤；故選A。

【5】考查推理判斷。B. Air pollution can make people sick. 空氣污染會(huì)使人生病。根據(jù)第3段中In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main causes of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems.（在大城市，工廠以及汽車、卡車和公共汽車是造成空氣污染的主要原因�，F(xiàn)在許多城市的人都有嚴(yán)重的健康問題。）可知“空氣污染會(huì)使人生病�！惫�B正確，選B。

初中閱讀理解一般考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判斷能力。做閱讀理解題，首先要準(zhǔn)確理解題意，然后根據(jù)題意和短文內(nèi)容選出正確的答案。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，此類型題較簡(jiǎn)單，學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，直接到文中找出答案。例如，第1和2題；（2）考查主旨理解。通讀全文，概括主要內(nèi)容，根據(jù)主要內(nèi)容，選出正確答案。例如，第3小題；3）考查推理判斷能力，此類題型較難，學(xué)生要準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，在文中找出相關(guān)的內(nèi)容做出合理的推斷。例如，第4和5小題。