Question

【題目】 Have you ever gone to a fast-food restaurant to eat and gotten a kid's meal that came with a toy? Sometimes those meals have different toys for boys and girls —maybe a truck for the boys and a toy bear for the girls. Who decides that boys like to play with trucks and girls like to play with stuffed animals? I know many boys who like stuffed animals and lots of girls who play with trucks. When we decide what someone will like or how they will act just because they are boys or girls, we are stereotyping（形成模式化觀念）.

A stereotype is a group that we put people into. Our human brains do this all the time; it's one of the ways that our brain has learned to deal with the world. We see someone and put that person into a group—for example, the old or the young, a boy or a girl. Is that a bad thing? No, it's not.

One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they cut down the amount of processing（i.e. thinking）we have to do when we meet a new person.

Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes. It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.

When we stereotype, we think of a group and give everyone in that group certain characteristics. For example, the fast food restaurant believed that all boys like to play with vehicles and all girls prefer toy animals. They did that based only on whether they were boys or girls.

Stereotypes are problems when beliefs that people have about groups are not necessarily true. Have you ever heard anyone say that "Men are better drivers than women"? Statements like this take a group of people and give all of them the same behaviors or characteristics. I know men who are good drivers, and I know women who are good drivers. It's not fair to judge all people in a group by a stereotype. We need to remember that everyone in the group is an individual who has different abilities, interests, strengths and behaviors.

【1】The example of different toys for boys and girls is mentioned to show that_________.

A.boys and girls prefer different toys

B.boys and girls are treated unfairly

C.people sometimes mix children's likes

D.people have fixed ideas on things

【2】Which of the following stereotypes is useful?

A.Making friends by his appearance.

B.Boys do better in science than girls.

C.Youth easily do unreasonable things.

D.Red signs on the road warn us of danger.

【3】The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.

A.fail to noticeB.fail to trustC.fail to searchD.fail to face

【4】What does the writer want to tell us about stereotyping?

A.Stereotyping is like a coin which has two sides.

B.It helps our brain learn to deal with similar situations.

C.Judging people by stereotyping them makes things hard.

D.Trying to learn about and form some kinds of them stereotypes.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】D

【3】A

【4】A

【解析】

模式化觀念就是我們把人們放在某一個群體里，產(chǎn)生固有印象。模式化觀念既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也有缺點(diǎn)。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它能使我們迅速處理各種情況，簡化社會世界；缺點(diǎn)是它會讓我們忽視每個個體之間的差異。

【1】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者先從生活中的事例出發(fā)，目的是給讀者引出模式化觀念這一概念，然后對它進(jìn)行具體的介紹。D選項符合文意，故選D。

【2】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，模式化觀念的一個優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使我們根據(jù)以前的相似經(jīng)歷，快速處理各種情況。結(jié)合生活常識可知，紅色會起到警告的作用，D選項符合文意，故選D。A、B和C三項都是模式化觀念產(chǎn)生的不好的影響。

【3】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境“It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.”“它使我們……每個個體之間的差異，認(rèn)為一個群體里所有人都是一樣的”，由此可猜測ignore意為“忽視”，即“沒能注意到……”，故選A。

【4】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，這里介紹了模式化觀念的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；再根據(jù)第四段“Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes.”可知，模式化觀念也有缺點(diǎn)。A選項“每個硬幣都有兩面”符合文意，故選A。B和C兩個選項太片面；D選項不符合文意。