閱讀理解

　　Building a house costs quite a lot of money．Suppose you plan to build a house．Your first step will be to find a right piece of land．Your choice(選擇)will depend on many different things．You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings(環(huán)境)near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work．

　　Next you will find a good builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan．The builder will draw the plan．It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts, which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets．The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house．He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house．Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate(預(yù)算)must be corrected and revised(修訂)．His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house．

　　When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan．(You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!)You may find that the house you wanted at first costs too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan．The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate．

(1)

The best title of this passage is ________．

[　　]

A．

Building a House Costs Much Money

B．

Estimate Is Important

C．

Planning a House

D．

Depend on the Builder

(2)

The first thing for a person to build a house is ________．

[　　]

A．

to get as much money as possible

B．

to find a suitable piece of land

C．

to work out a plan

D．

to make an estimate

(3)

The phrase “draw a plan” in this passage means ________．

[　　]

A．

making a picture of a building or a room

B．

making a plan

C．

working out a plan

D．

pulling a picture out of a room

(4)

When the builder starts to build a house, his estimate will have to be corrected and revised because ________．

[　　]

A．

it is wrongly worked out by a workman

B．

the future owner of the house thinks the estimate is so high that he cannot afford the building．

C．

The prices of building materials and the expenses(費(fèi)用)of labor may be different from the original prices and expenses

D．

Estimates are usually mistaken in the beginning

(5)

What is the relationship(關(guān)系)between the estimate and the plan?

[　　]

A．

The plan depends on the estimate．

B．

The estimate depends on the plan．

C．

The plan has nothing to do with the estimate．

D．

The estimate and the plan depend on each other．

答案：1．C;2．B;3．A;4．C;5．D;
解析：

(1)

本小題檢測(cè)的是對(duì)整篇短文中心思想的理解能力．A項(xiàng)講的是“蓋一幢房子要花很多錢”，這是本文的第一句話，但它只講了上述三段的蓋房子要花很多錢這一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，所以其概括不準(zhǔn)確．B項(xiàng)是說“預(yù)算是重要的”，同樣犯了以偏概全的毛�。瓺項(xiàng)講的是“依靠建筑工”，這與短文內(nèi)容是相矛盾的，故此三者皆否定之．

(2)

短文首段的第三句話：“Your first step will be to find a right piece of land．”(你的第一步就是選好一塊合適的地)．此句正是該題答案的出處．

(3)

解答該小題的重點(diǎn)是要理解好“draw a plan”這個(gè)短語中的關(guān)鍵詞plan．plan在本短文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了八次，第一次出現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞形式出現(xiàn)，其他七次都是名詞．作名詞用時(shí)其常見用法有二：計(jì)劃、方案；平面圖，紙張．plan在與draw 連用時(shí)，就表明：畫一張建筑物的平面圖．B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都是把plan理解為“計(jì)劃”或“方案”了，而D項(xiàng)則理解成“把一張圖畫從屋里找出來”，這是無稽之談．由此答案非A莫屬．

(4)

本題屬細(xì)節(jié)考查題．考查的是在蓋房的施工中，最初的預(yù)算必須更正與修改的原因．短文第二段的倒數(shù)一、二句就有相對(duì)應(yīng)的部分；隨后，當(dāng)他開始施工時(shí)，此預(yù)算必須更改與修正．他的預(yù)算的根據(jù)是當(dāng)時(shí)價(jià)格，而建筑材料與其他東西的價(jià)格在制定預(yù)算和開始施工這一階段很可能會(huì)有變化．A項(xiàng)說的是"預(yù)算經(jīng)常被施工者算錯(cuò)"，在短文中沒有依據(jù)；B項(xiàng)的“未來的房主認(rèn)為預(yù)算太高他支付不起”在短文中也沒有依據(jù)，D項(xiàng)的“在開始時(shí)預(yù)算往往是錯(cuò)的”與A項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤如出一轍．

(5)

　　本小題考查的仍是對(duì)短文個(gè)別段落和中心意思的理解能力．短文第三段集中講的就是和建房方案之間的關(guān)系．A項(xiàng)只說出了建房方案對(duì)預(yù)算的依賴關(guān)系；B項(xiàng)只說出預(yù)算對(duì)建房方案的依賴關(guān)系，而忽略它們相互作用的一面，因此都是片面的．而C項(xiàng)說的是建房方案與預(yù)算毫不相干，這與短文交代的事實(shí)背道而馳，故予以排除．

　　全文共三段，第一段說的是蓋房要花很多錢，首先得確定好房子的位置：向陽，地理環(huán)境優(yōu)美，交通購(gòu)物方便而且離自己的親朋和工作地點(diǎn)距離都近；第二段說的是選擇優(yōu)秀的建筑工人，設(shè)計(jì)方案，繪出草圖，做好預(yù)算以及如何處理施工時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的變化與預(yù)算的關(guān)系；第三段講的是建筑工所作的預(yù)算和真正施工時(shí)所發(fā)生的變更及蓋房方案與預(yù)算之間的關(guān)系．雖然全文中沒有明確的主題句，但通過對(duì)上述三段文字的分析，不難看出它們講的都圍繞著一個(gè)主題：設(shè)計(jì)一幢房子．


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