The flower shop in my neighborhood is _________ from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.

A.open B.opening C.opened D.opens

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The Cost of Thinking

Though humans have many differences,they share several typical characteristics(特征),such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

The first human characteristic is humans' large brains. Mammals(哺乳動物)weighing sixty kilos have an average(平均)brain size of 200 cm'. Modern man has a brain averaging 1,200~1,400 cm3. The larger,the better?Unluckily,that is not the case.

The bigger our brain is,the more energy is needed. It's not easy to carry around,especially when boxed inside a large skull(顱骨). It's even harder to provide energy. In modern man,the brain is about 2-3% of total body weight but it needs 25%of the body's energy when the body is at rest. But the brains of apes(類人猿)require only 8% of rest-time energy. How did early humans pay for their large brains?Firstly,they spent more time in search of food. Secondly,their muscles(肌肉)grew smaller and weaker.

Another human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up,it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition,their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes,like throwing stones or showing body languages. As a result,humans can perform very different tasks with their hands.

Yet walking upright has its downsides. The bones(骨頭)have to support a large skull. That causes backaches and painful necks. A large brain makes many advantages. It seems that these have made humans the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they were weak,small and not important.

Title: The Cost of Thinking

Two typical human

characteristics

Have

large

human

brains

Advantages

Be1.than any other animal on earth.

Downsides

The bigger our brain is, the more energy is needed.

Early humans paid for their large brains in2.:

spend more time in search of food;

their muscles grow smaller and weaker.

3.

Advantages

It's easier to find food or enemies.

Their arms throw stones and show body languages

The result:.4.with their hands.

Downsides

The hones have to support a large skull.

5.: Have backaches and painful necks

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Translate these Chinese phrases into English (短語——中譯英)

1.被認為、譽為 ____________

2.水上餐廳 ____________

3.夜景 ____________

4.在崇明島上 ____________

5.城市西南方大約30千米處 ____________

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There is little milk in the refrigerator. We _________ buy some.

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More and more Chinese students are putting study tours in foreign countries on their plans this summer.

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A recent report showed most study tour participants (參與者) were teenagers in middle schools. According to the report, 73 percent were middle school students, 11 percent primary school students and only 3 percent college students. And it’s getting more and more popular in middle schools.

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B.Improving language skills.

C.Experiencing independence.

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B.she went to America for a study tour

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B.One may know more about different cultures from a study tour.

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I am a bird. I fly in the sky. I like the clouds. They are nice. I live in a tree. The tree is near a river. There aren’t any fish in the river. There is only one tree. I feel lonely(孤獨).

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B.He hopes to celebrate these holidays on another day.

C.He likes these holidays and celebrate them every year.

D.He thinks they can cause the problem of over-consumption.

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