18．A study by Australian National University，which was reported by the BBC，says that East Asia has the most near-sighted（近視的）students of anywhere in the world； all of 10graduates of schools in big East Asian cities were near-sighted．The main reason：they weren't getting enough sunlight．
    According to the study，primary school students in Singapore spend only 30minutes outdoors every day．In Australia，kids spend about three hours a day outside．As a result，fewer children in Australia are near-sighted-only 10percent（百分之…），compared to 90percent in Singapore．
    People become near-sighted because their eyeballs grow out of shape and light entering their eyes cannot focus（聚焦）correctly．The body can produce a chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）to stop eyeballs from changing shape．Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine，reported AFP．
"Student in East Asia basically go to school，go home and stay inside，"Ian Morgan of the Australian National University told AFP．"They study and they watch TV．"But being a bookworm or a couch potato（電視迷）does not directly harm（傷害）the eyes，"he added．
"As long as they get outside，it doesn't seem to matter how much studying they do，"he explained．"There are some kids who study hard and get outside and play hard and they are generally fine．The ones who are at major risk are the ones who study hard and don't get outside．"
    Experts say students should go outside for two to three hours every day．This can include time spent in the playground and walking to and from school．
66．Which university did this study？D
A．Peking University．B．Tsinghua University．
C．Oxford University．D．Australian National University
67．How many of them might be near-sighted if a glass in Australia has 40students？A
A．4   B．8    C．18       D．36
68．What can help our bodies produce more dopamine？B
A．Dark．B．Sunlight．C．Air．D．Light．
69．According to the passage，students are most likely（最可能）to become near-sighted if theyA．
A．study hard and never go outside
B．dislike studying but play outside
C．often watch TV but also play outside
D．study hard and also play a lot outside
70．What is the passage mainly about？C
A．What cause students to become near-sighted．
B．The relationship（關(guān)系）between dopamine and our eyes．
C．The sue of sunlight in reducing（減少）near-sightedness．
D．How our eyes slowly become near-sighted．

分析 本文主要向我們介紹了學(xué)生近視的問(wèn)題：根據(jù)BBC報(bào)道，在東亞的主要大城市中有很大部分的畢業(yè)生是近視眼，專家認(rèn)為不是因?yàn)闀竞鸵曨l，而是他們沒有獲得足夠的陽(yáng)光．AFP報(bào)道，陽(yáng)光可以幫助我們的身體產(chǎn)生更多的多巴胺，阻止眼球變形．風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的群體是學(xué)習(xí)刻苦又不去戶外的那部分人．

解答 66 D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第一段A study by Australian National University，which was reported by the BBC，says that East Asia has the most near-sighted students of anywhere in the world據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司報(bào)道，澳大利亞國(guó)立大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究表明，東亞有世界上近視最多的學(xué)生．故答案是D．
67 A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第二段As a result，fewer children in Australia are near-sighted-only 10percent（百分之…），結(jié)果，澳大利亞有更少的兒童近視：只有百分之十．即40×10/100=4，故答案是A．
68 B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第三段Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine陽(yáng)光可以幫助我們的身體產(chǎn)生更多的多巴胺．故答案是B．
69 A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第五段The ones who are at major risk are the ones who study hard and don't get outside．風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的群體是學(xué)習(xí)刻苦又不去戶外的那部分人．故答案是A．
70 C 大意理解題：本文第一段主要向我們介紹了學(xué)生近視的問(wèn)題，后文The main reason：they weren't getting enough sunlight主要原因是沒有得到足夠的陽(yáng)光．下文具體介紹了陽(yáng)光在減少近視上的作用．故答案是C．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料． 其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問(wèn)題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息． 要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性．對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)．

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A．emotions are the enemy of decision-making．
B．our brain has nothing to do with decison-making．
C．people with physical damage find it hard to mak up their minds．
D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions．
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B．To make many decisions at a time．
C．To stop feeling regretful about the past．
D．To learn about the process of decision-making．
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A．They often forget their past choices．
B．They make decisions without much thinking．
C．They tend to save time when shoppng．
D．They are too angry to bargain．

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