閱讀理解,閱讀下面語言材料,然后按文后要求做題。

  Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce(減少)a child's chance of becoming short-sighted(近視), research shows.It challenges the belif that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.

  Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is good for people's eyes.They compared the vision(視力)and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in China and Australia.In all, 30% of the Chinese children were short-sighted.This percentage was ten times higher than Australian children.

  Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching TV and playing computer games.However, the Australia children spent an average of two hours a day outdoors, 90 minutes more than the Chinese children.

  Professor Ian Morgan said, “Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted peoplegets larger.We are also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world-and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors.

  Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light.But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical(化學(xué)物質(zhì))which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people from becoming short-sighted.

  So go outdoors.It doesn't matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports.

根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案,并將其標(biāo)號填入題前括號內(nèi)。

(1)

What can reduce a child's chance of becoming short-sighted according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

Playing computer games.

B.

watching TV.

C.

Reading books.

D.

Spending 2 or 3 hours playing outside every day.

(2)

What does the underlined word "percentage" mean?

[  ]

A.

百分比

B.

功率

C.

平均分

D.

效率

(3)

How much time did the Chinese children spend outdoors according to the research?

[  ]

A.

2 hours.

B.

90 minutes.

C.

1 hour.

D.

30 minutes.

(4)

What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

[  ]

A.

Why people become short-sighted.

B.

Why natural light has a special chemical.

C.

Why playing outside is good for one's eyesight.

D.

Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.

(5)

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

People will all become short-sighted after they begin to go to school.

B.

Playing outdoors for 2 or 3 hours every day can help protect your eyesight.

C.

Children in Australia are more likely to become short-sighted than those in China.

D.

lf you spend 2 or 3 hours playing outside each day, you will become short-sighted.

答案:1.D;2.A;3.D;4.C;5.B;
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科目:初中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

閱讀下面的文言文,完成小題。
桓公問治民于管子。管子對曰:“凡牧民者,必知其疾,而憂之以德,勿懼以罪,勿止以力。慎此四者,足以治民也! 桓公曰:“善,勿已,如是又何以行之?” 管仲對曰:“質(zhì)信極忠,嚴(yán)以有禮,慎此四者,所以行之也!被腹唬骸罢埪勂湔f!惫苤賹υ唬骸靶乓舱,民信之;忠也者,民懷之;嚴(yán)也者,民畏之;禮也者,民美之。語曰,澤命不渝,信也;非其所欲,勿施于人,仁也;堅(jiān)中外正,嚴(yán)也;質(zhì)信以讓,禮也!被腹唬骸吧圃眨 
桓公又問曰:“寡人欲修政以干時于天下,其可乎?”管子對曰:“可!惫唬骸鞍彩级?”管子對曰:“始于愛民!惫唬骸皭勖裰滥魏?”管子對曰:“公修公族,家修家族,使相連以事,相及以祿,則民相親矣。放舊罪,修舊宗,立無后,則民殖矣。省刑罰,薄賦斂,則民富矣。鄉(xiāng)建賢士,使教于國,則民有禮矣。出令不改,則民正矣。此愛民之道也!
桓公在位,管仲、隰朋見。立有間,有二鴻飛而過之;腹珖@曰:“仲父,今彼鴻鵠有時而南,有時而北,有時而往,有時而來,四方無遠(yuǎn),所欲至而至焉,非唯有羽翼之故,是以能通其意于天下乎?”管仲、隰朋不對;腹唬骸岸雍喂什粚Γ俊惫茏訉υ唬骸熬邪酝踔,而夷吾非霸王之臣也,是以不敢對。”桓公曰:“仲父胡為然?盍不當(dāng)言,寡人其有鄉(xiāng)乎?寡人之有仲父也,猶飛鴻之有羽翼也,若濟(jì)大水有舟楫也,仲父不一言教寡人,寡人之有耳將安聞道而得度哉?”管子對曰:“君若將欲霸王舉大事乎?則必從其本事矣。”桓公變躬遷席,拱手而問曰:“敢問何謂其本?”管子對曰:“齊國百姓,公之本也。人甚憂饑,而稅斂重;人甚懼死,而刑政險;人甚傷勞,而上舉事不時。公輕其稅斂則人不憂饑;緩其刑政則人不懼死;舉事以時,則人不傷勞!被腹唬骸肮讶寺勚俑钢源巳,聞命矣,不敢擅也,將薦之先君!庇谑橇畎俟儆兴,削方墨筆。明日,皆朝于太廟之門朝,定令于百吏。使稅者百一鐘,孤幼不刑,澤梁時縱,關(guān)譏而不征,市書而不賦,近者示之以忠信,遠(yuǎn)者示之以禮義。行此數(shù)年,而民歸之如流水。
(節(jié)選自《管子》,《四部叢刊》本,有刪改)
【注】①管子:名仲,字夷吾,齊國國相。②干時:謀求定時會盟諸侯。
【小題1】對下列句子中劃線詞的解釋,不正確的一項(xiàng)是(    )
A.勿。如是,又何以行之 已:停止
B.澤命不,信也 渝:堅(jiān)持
C.公公族,家修家族 修:治理
D.若濟(jì)大水有舟楫也濟(jì):渡過
【小題2】下列各組句子中,劃線詞的意義和用法相同的一組是(    )
A.是以能通其意天下乎 故燕王欲結(jié)
B.拱手問曰 朝濟(jì)夕設(shè)版焉
C.緩其刑政人不懼死 三人行必有我?guī)?/td>
D.寡人聞仲父言此三者孔子云:何陋
【小題3】對原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和解析,下列表述不正確的一項(xiàng)是(   )
A.“信”“仁”“嚴(yán)”“禮”是為政的重要原則,也就是國君要對百姓講究信用,施行仁愛,嚴(yán)肅法紀(jì),提倡禮儀。
B.齊桓公想通過修明政事,提高齊國的政治地位,達(dá)到會盟諸侯的目的,因此他希望得到管仲的認(rèn)可和輔佐。
C.對于桓公稱霸天下的想法,管仲采取以退為進(jìn)的策略,明確表達(dá)了反對意見,并表明了自己的政治主張。
D.齊桓公有抱負(fù),能納諫,接受了管仲的民本思想,并采取相應(yīng)的措施,得到了四方百姓的擁護(hù)。
【小題4】把文言文閱讀材料中加橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(7分)
(1) 勿懼以罪,勿止以力。(2分)
(2) 出令不改,則民正矣。(2分)
(3) 君若將欲霸王、舉大事乎?則必從其本事矣。(3分)

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科目:初中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

閱讀下面的文言文,完成小題
陳禾,字秀實(shí),明州鄞縣人。元符三年進(jìn)士。累遷辟雍①博士、監(jiān)察御史、殿中侍御史。
天下久平,武備寬弛,東南尤甚。禾請?jiān)鍪、繕城壁,以戒不虞;蛑笧樯拢癫幌。其后盜起,人服其先見。
遷左正言,俄除給事中。時童貫權(quán)益張,與黃經(jīng)臣胥用事,御史中丞盧航表里為奸,搢紳側(cè)目。禾曰:“此國家安危之本也。吾位言責(zé),此而不言,一遷給舍,則非其職矣!蔽窗菝,首抗疏劾貫。復(fù)劾經(jīng)臣:“怙寵弄權(quán),夸炫朝列。每云詔令皆出其手,言上將用某人,舉某事,已而詔下,悉如其言。夫發(fā)號施令,國之重事,黜幽陟明,天子大權(quán),奈何使宦寺②得與?臣之所憂,不獨(dú)經(jīng)臣,此途一開,類進(jìn)者眾,國家之禍,有不可遏,愿亟竄之遠(yuǎn)方。”
論奏未終,上拂衣起。禾引上衣,請畢其說。衣裾落,上曰:“正言碎朕衣矣。”禾言:“陛下不惜碎衣,臣豈惜碎首以報陛下?此曹今日受富貴之利,陛下他日受危亡之禍。”言愈切,上變色曰:“卿能如此,朕復(fù)何憂?”內(nèi)侍請上易衣,上卻之曰:“留以旌直臣。”翌日,貫等相率前訴,謂國家極治,安得此不詳語。盧航奏禾狂妄,謫信州監(jiān)酒。遇赦,得自便還里。
初,陳瓘歸自嶺外,居于鄞,與禾相好,遣其子正匯從學(xué)。后正匯告蔡京罪,執(zhí)詣闕,瓘亦就逮。經(jīng)臣蒞其獄,檄禾取證,禾答以事有之,罪不敢逃;蛑^其失對,禾曰:“禍福死生,命也,豈可以死易不義耶?愿得分賢者罪!彼熳忺h停官。
遇赦,復(fù)起知廣德軍,移知和州。尋遭內(nèi)艱,服除,知秀州。王黼新得政,禾曰:“安能出黼門下?”力辭,改汝州。辭益堅(jiān),曰:“寧餓死!表肼劧曋。禾兄秉時為壽春府教授,禾侍兄官居。適童貫領(lǐng)兵道府下,謁不得入,饋之不受。貫怒,歸而譖之。上曰:“此人素如此,汝不能容邪?”久之,知舒州,命下而卒,贈中大夫,謚文介。
(節(jié)選自《宋史·陳禾傳》)
【注】①辟雍:太學(xué)名。  ②宦寺:宦官。
【小題1】對下列句子中劃線詞語的解釋,不正確的一項(xiàng)是
A.禾請?jiān)鍪⒖槼潜,以戒?u>虞 虞:預(yù)料
B.此今日受富貴之利曹:一類人
C.安得此不語 詳:詳細(xì)
D.黼聞而之銜:懷恨
【小題2】下列句子中,全都表現(xiàn)陳禾剛強(qiáng)正直的一組是
①其后盜起,人服其先見  ②未拜命,首抗疏劾貫
③論奏未終,上拂衣起    ④檄禾取證,禾答以事有之,罪不敢逃
⑤辭益堅(jiān),曰:“寧餓死。”  ⑥尋遭內(nèi)艱,服除,知秀州
A.①②④B.②④⑤
C.①③⑥D.③⑤⑥
【小題3】下列對原文的理解和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是
A.陳禾從長久太平的局面中看出潛藏的危機(jī),針對當(dāng)時軍備松弛,東南一帶尤其嚴(yán)重的情況,他上奏請求采取措施,起初不為人理解,后來事實(shí)證明他有先見之明。
B.其他官員對童貫等人的行為不敢指責(zé),陳禾卻大膽彈劾。他認(rèn)為自己所處職位有進(jìn)言的責(zé)任,這時候不進(jìn)言勸諫,一旦調(diào)任給事中,進(jìn)諫就不是自己的本職了。
C.陳禾冒死進(jìn)諫,拉破了皇帝的衣服,迫使皇帝表面上贊同其意見。然而陳禾激怒了皇帝,以致第二天當(dāng)童貫、盧航等人詆毀他時,皇帝就趁勢將他貶謫到外地
D.陳禾遇赦,被起用掌管廣德軍,調(diào)任和州知州。不久遇上母親去世,服喪結(jié)束,擔(dān)任秀州知州。
【小題4】把文言文閱讀材料中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(10分)
(1)夫發(fā)號施令,國之重事,黜幽陟明,天子大權(quán),奈何使宦寺得與?(5分)
(2)適童貫領(lǐng)兵道府下,謁不得入,饋之不受。貫怒,歸而譖之。(5分)

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