Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the language of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present-day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the language of 4,500 years ago.
Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely. About 1,000 years ago, English was a little known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.
If a language has a number of speakers, or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of people. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can’t understand speakers from other parts.
小題1:The first paragraph mainly tells us that_______.
A．most people in the world speak Chinese
B．there are thousands of languages in today’s world
C．man has much knowledge about languages
D．some people know several languages
小題2:Most European and Indian languages_______.
A．will soon die out completely
B．were once a relative of English
C．a(chǎn)re no longer spoken
D．come from the same family of language.
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Chinese is the language with the most speakers.
B．English was a well-known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.
C．A language has many speakers, but there may be no differences in the way it is spoken in different areas.
D．Speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can understand speakers from other parts.
小題4:It is considered a most difficult thing for one to learn to speak Chinese because_______.
A．there are great differences between the dialects of Chinese
B．Chinese and many foreign languages are not of the same family
C．Chinese is a very old language
D．there are great differences between the old Chinese and the present-day Chinese
小題5:The underlined word “dialect” in the last paragraph means_______.
A．a(chǎn) special language spoken by Chinese
B．the sign used by Chinese people in a special area
C．the difference between the old and today’s Chinese
D．the form of a language used in one part of the country

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:A
小題5:D
縱觀歷史，人們一直對(duì)語(yǔ)言的起源感興趣，但是沒人知道它從哪里起源，有是怎么發(fā)生的。然而，我們確實(shí)對(duì)古代和現(xiàn)代的語(yǔ)言有很深入的了解。語(yǔ)言也會(huì)逐漸改變，語(yǔ)言可能有許多種地區(qū)口音。因此，我們能看出，在歷史不同階段，語(yǔ)言也不盡相同。
小題1:段落理解題。根據(jù)第一段A,B,D表述不準(zhǔn)確，故選C。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句可知。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章可知選A，B，C和D表述不正確。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段一，二兩行可知選A.
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)一，二，三行可知。
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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Pingyao is one of China’s three protected ancient cities (the other two are Xi’an and Jingzhou). Lying in the middle of Shanxi Province, 90 kilometers south of Taiyuan, Pingyao ancient city used to be about two hours’ drive from the capital of Shanxi Province, but now the distance is only one hour and ten minutes’ drive after the highway was built. With a history of over 2,700 years, the ancient city stands out as one of the best protected of all the walled cities in China.
On December 3rd, 1997, UNESCO (聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織) added Pingyao to the World Heritage (遺產(chǎn)) List as a world’s culture heritage. According to the UNESCO World Heritage Commission(委員會(huì))，the Pingyao ancient city is a wonderful example of the Chinese Han cities during the Ming and Qing dynasties. All the features of the Pingyao ancient city have been protected, and it shows an outstanding Chinese historical development including its culture, society, economy and religion(宗教信仰).
根據(jù)短文，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳答案。（10分）
小題1:How many preserved ancient cities are there in China?
A．One.B．Two.C．Three.D．Many.
小題2:Why is Pingyao one of the ancient cities?
A．Because it is a wonderful example of the Chinese Han cities.
B．Because it has a history of over 2,700 years.
C．Because all its features have been preserved.
D．Because it includes its culture, society, etc.
小題3:It will take you about one hour to get to Pingyao from Taiyuan ______ .
A．by planeB．by bikeC．by trainD．by car
小題4:Pingyao is a wonderful example of the Chinese Han cities during the ______ and ______ dynasties.
A．Yuan; QingB．Ming; Qing
C．Song; YuanD．Song; Ming
小題5:If you go there some day, you shouldn’t ______ .
A．carve your name on the wallB．draw a picture on the wall
C．litter everywhereD．destroy the city

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A long time ago, in 1893, in the United States, some people were talking about fruits and vegetables. They asked, “What are fruits and what are vegetables? How are fruits different from vegetables and vegetables different from fruits?” They talked for a long time and then they decided, “We eat vegetables as part of a meal, but we eat fruits before or after a meal.”
In real life, people do not think the dictionaries give the right meaning of a word. For example, the dictionaries say that tomatoes are fruits. But few people know that. Most people think they are vegetables. They call them vegetables and eat them as vegetables. To most people, fruits mean sweet things like apples, pears, oranges and watermelons.
What are vegetables then? We call many plants and grasses vegetables. Some people think some fruits are vegetables, such as apples, pears and bananas. But to most people, vegetables mean things like potatoes, onions and carrots.
小題1:A long time ago, some people in the United States _______.
A．wanted to know what were fruits and vegetables
B．didn’t know when to eat fruits
C．didn’t think fruits were as good as vegetables
D．didn’t talk about fruits and vegetables
小題2:People usually eat vegetables _______.
A．before a mealB．a(chǎn)fter a mealC．a(chǎn)loneD．during a meal
小題3:What do most people think of fruits?
A．They are the same as vegetables.
B．They are sweet things.
C．They are like potatoes, onions and carrots.
D．They are only apples, pears, oranges and watermelons.

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



2012 is the Year of the Dragon in China. It began on January 23 but not on January 1st. The dragon is a symbol* of power and wealth in Chinese culture. And it is also the sign of the Emperor of China. People born in the Year of the Dragon are active-minded. They show a strong interest in the world around them, and will try their best to make their dreams come true all their lives.
Dragon people are talented while these people enjoy being the center of attention. They will stop at nothing to get what they want. Dragon people are very friendly and if their friends face a problem, they will be there to offer help at once. There are some famous people who were born in the Year of the Dragon, such as the premier* of the Russian Putin and the famous Argentine soccer player Messi. In China, the CEO of Alibaba Group Mayun and movie star Zhouxun are dragon, too.
There are some big events in the Year of the Dragon. In China, the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) * will be held in Beijing in March. The 9th National University Games in Tianjin will happen in September. And soccer fans, they can meet at the 2012 European Cup in June in Poland. And In Britain, the 30th Olympic Games is being held in London on July 27.
小題1:What does “Dragon” stand for in Chinese culture?
A．powerB．wealthC．the emperorD．a(chǎn)ll of the above
小題2:When does the Year of Dragon begin?
A．January 1st.B．January 23rdC．January 2nd.D．January 22nd.
小題3:What will happen in July in London?
A．National People's CongressB．National University Games
C．2012 European CupD．the Olympic Games
小題4:Which of the following is NOT TRUE acorrding to the passage?
A．People born in the Year of the Dragon are active-minded.
B．People born in the Year of the Dragon enjoy being the center of attention.
C．If they face a problem, People born in the Year of the Dragon will give up.
D．If their friends face a problem, people born in the Year of the Dragon will offer help at once.

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In ancient China, the State of Wu made an attack on the State of Yue. The king of Wu was badly hurt and soon died. His son Fu Chai became the new king. Fu was very sad and angry and he decided to fight back for his father’s death. He trained his army strictly until it was very strong. Three years later, he led his army against the State of Yue and caught its king Gou Jian, who was taken to the State of Wu.
Gou Jian was put into a small black stone house which was full of terrible smell and was made to raise(飼養(yǎng)) horses. Gou worked hard and tried to keep himself quiet, but he never forgot his pain. Many years later, he was set free. Gou secretly trained his army after he went back to his own state. In order to make himself strong-minded he slept on firewood and ate a gall bladder before having dinner and going to bed every night. After a few years, his country became strong once more. Then Gou took hold of a golden chance to fight against Wu and won the war in the end.
If one voluntarily(自愿) works very hard and voluntarily stands up to pains and difficulties in order to succeed, we might call him a“Gou Jian”, and his story, a“Gou Jian’s story”.
小題1: Three years later _______ was caught and taken to the state of Wu.
A．Gou JianB．Fu ChaiC．Gou Jian’s fatherD．Fu Chai’s father
小題2:Gou Jian ________ when he was in the state of Wu.
A．a(chǎn)te gall bladdersB．raised horses
C．trained his armyD．forgot his pain
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE ?
A．The gall bladders tasted good.
B．Gou Jian loved horse-raising.
C．Finally Gou Jian was set free.
D．Finally Fu Chai was set free.
小題4:The story mainly tells us that________
A．a(chǎn) country without a strong army is easy to defeat
B．if someone attacks you , you should just fight back
C．if you fail in doing something, it’s better for you to forget the pain
D．if you face difficulties bravely without giving up , you’ll finally succeed

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We drink tea every day. But more than three hundred years ago most of the people in Europe (歐洲) did not know anything about tea. Some people heard about it, but very few of them know what to do with it.
　　There is a story about an English sailor (水手) who went to countries in the east，the west and the south. He went to India and China. One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother. She told her friends about the present and asked them to a “tea party”. When her friends came to the “tea party”, the old woman offered (給) them brown tea-leaves (茶葉). The old woman’s friends began to eat them. Of course, nobody liked the tea-leaves.
　　At that time the sailor came in. He looked at the table and said, “Mother, what have you done with the tea?”
　　“I boiled (煮) it，as you said.”
　　“And what did you do with the water?”
　　“I threw it away, of course.” answered the old woman.
　　“Now you may throw away the leaves, too.” said her son.
(    ) 1. Most of the people in Europe ________.
　　　  A. drank tea every day 300 years ago        B. drink tea every day
　　　  C. know nothing about tea               D. like to eat the tea-leaves
(    ) 2. One day the English sailor brought his mother some tea from ________.
　　　  A. countries in the west                   B. countries in the south
　　　  C. India or China                       D. a tea shop in England
(    ) 3. The sailor’s mother asked her friends to her house, because ________.
　　　  A. the sailor told her to
　　　  B. she wanted to ask her friends what to do with the tea
　　　  C. she liked to show off (炫耀)
　　　  D. she wanted to sample (品嘗) the tea together with her friends
(    ) 4. At the “tea party”，________.
　　　  A. all the woman’s friends spoke highly of the tea
　　　  B. nobody knew what to do with the tea
　　　  C. the woman offered her friends some dried (干的) tea
　　　  D. the woman gave her friends each a glass of tea water
(    ) 5. What mistake did the old woman make? She ________.
　　　  A. boiled the tea                       B. did as the sailor said
　　　  C. poured away the water                D. didn’t throw away the tea-leaves

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Near the village, there is an old famous temple. Some people want to build new house where the temple now stands, because they can find no other area to build them, while others disagree with them. They meet to decide how to solve the problem. Here are their opinions about it.
The expert wants to protect the temple and believes that there are some interesting things buried in the ground. If it is destroyed or moved, people may never learn about how people lived in the past.
The businessman thinks that the houses should be built. History is important, but we must think about the future. The village needs development and building new houses will offer jobs to hundreds of people.
Villager A says, “We should build the new houses because we need houses to live in.”
Villager B says, “We should protect the temple because it can attract many tourists to come for a visit. If the temple is destroyed or moved, we will lose a lot of business.”
The village leader thinks that he has a duty to make life better for the villagers. They need jobs and new houses. He also thinks the cultural site (遺跡) is important and they should be careful with it as well.
小題1:The expert doesn’t want to _______ the old famous temple.
A．rebuildB．protectC．pull downD．fall down
小題2:The businessman thinks building houses there can _______.
A．help the village develop
B．a(chǎn)ttract many tourists to come for a visit
C．help people learn about how people lived in the past
D．help people learn about the interesting things buried in the ground
小題3:_______ agree that they should build new houses there.
A．The expert and the village leader
B．The businessman and Villager A
C．Villager A and Villager B
D．Villager B and the businessman
小題4:The village leader thinks _______.
A．they should destroy the temple
B．they needn’t build new houses
C．They should build the temple to make life better
D．they should not only build new houses but also be careful with the temple
小題5:According to the passage, which of the following is RIGHT?
A．It’s difficult to satisfy everyone.
B．The cultural site is not so important.
C．It’s easy to make a decision on the problem.
D．The villagers will lose their jobs with the development of their hometown

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Does this ever happen to you? Someone introduces you to a friend, you hear his or her name, and then two minutes later, you forget it. Or you go to the same restaurant every day and the owner always says “Hello” to you but you can never remember her name. If this happens, you are typical — actually most people have the problem remembering names.
Here are some ways that can help people remember names.
※ Repeat the person’s name loud at least three times while you talk together. For example, instead of saying “Nice to meet you.” say “Nice to meet you, Jack (for Sue or whatever the person’s name is).” Instead of saying “Where do you live?” you can say “Where do you live, Jack?”
※ Introduce the person by name to someone else right away.
※ Write the name down (with a little information about the person) as soon as possible.
There are other ways which may seem a little strange. However, try them.
※ Think of a story using the person’s name. For example, think to yourself, “Jack has a nice jacket.” Imagine Jack in a nice jacket.
※ Think of a rhyme（押韻）for the person’s name. For example, think to yourself, “Jack would look nice in black.” Imagine Jack wearing black clothes.
All these ways have one thing in common. You must pay attention to the people you meet. You can’t just meet someone, nod your head, say hello, and walk away. Remembering names takes work and practice.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤。正確的用“A”表示，不正確的用“B”表示。
小題1: Few people have problems remembering others’ names.
小題2:The word “typical” probably means “common”.
小題3: It may seem unusual to help remember a name by making up a story with it.
小題4:If you want to remember names easily, you must talk politely to the people you meet.
小題5: This passage mainly tells us how to get on well with others.

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科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



Sally: an animal doctor
What’s the worst thing that’s ever happened in your job?
Probably the dog that bit me. It wasn’t a big one - I don’t mind the big ones. The small ones are the worst. It gave me a very nasty bite.
Have you ever done any other jobs?
Yes, I did different kinds of jobs when I was a student. One summer I did fruit-picking in Spain.
What’s the worst job you’ve ever done?
In order to improve my English, I worked for a rich family in New York. I never had a day off and I had to do everything – cooking, cleaning, shopping- and look after their horrible children. I left after two weeks and managed to get a job as a waitress in an Italian restaurant.

Leo: an actor
What’s the worst thing that’s ever happened in your job?
So many bad things have happened-but I think my worst moment was when I read my first bad review in the newspaper. They wrote terrible things about me, and I was so upset. After that I didn’t read my reviews any more.
Have you ever done any other jobs?
Oh yes, it’s hard to make a living as an actor. So I’ve done lots of part-time jobs over the years. For example, I’ve worked in a shop, sold ice cream at the beach and handed out publicity flyers in the street.
What’s the worst job you’ve ever done?
The worst job I’ve ever done was at an egg-packing factory. Working conditions are terrible-you stand for hours at the end of a belt, putting eggs into boxes. You can’t have a break, and if you want to go to the toilet, you have to ask for permission. And worst of all, the smell was terrible- I’ve never eaten an egg since then.
小題1:The underlined word “one” refers to “__________”.
A．dogB．bite
C．eventD．job
小題2:Sally has done the following jobs EXCEPT __________.
A．picking fruit in Spain
B．working for a rich family
C．looking after sick animals
D．cooking in an Italian restaurant
小題3:After reading his first bad review in the newspaper, Leo __________.
A．wrote more reviews
B．replied to every review
C．gave up his job as an actor
D．stopped reading any of his reviews
小題4:What does Leo think of being an actor?
A．It’s hard to make a living.
B．It’s helpful to read his reviews.
C．It’s easy to make lots of money.　
D．It’s fun to have different experiences.
小題5:What did Leo hate most when working at an egg-packing factory?
A．No breaks.B．Standing for too long.
C．The bad smell.D．Putting eggs into boxes.
小題6:The best title of the passage might be __________.
A．An Animal DoctorB．Terrible Job Experiences
C．How to Find a Part-time JobD．Reviews of Sally a nd Leo

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