Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the language of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.

There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present-day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the language of 4,500 years ago.

    Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely. About 1,000 years ago, English was a little known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.

If a language has a number of speakers, or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of people. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can’t understand speakers from other parts.

1.The first paragraph mainly tells us that_______.

A. most people in the world speak Chinese

B. there are thousands of languages in today’s world

C. man has much knowledge about languages

D. some people know several languages

2.Most European and Indian languages_______.

A. will soon die out completely

B. were once a relative of English

C. are no longer spoken

D. come from the same family of language.

3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

  A. Chinese is the language with the most speakers.

  B. English was a well-known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.

  C. A language has many speakers, but there may be no differences in the way it is spoken in different areas.

  D. Speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can understand speakers from other parts.

4.It is considered a most difficult thing for one to learn to speak Chinese because_______.

A. there are great differences between the dialects of Chinese

B. Chinese and many foreign languages are not of the same family

C. Chinese is a very old language

D. there are great differences between the old Chinese and the present-day Chinese

5.The underlined word “dialect” in the last paragraph means_______.

A. a special language spoken by Chinese

B. the sign used by Chinese people in a special area

C. the difference between the old and today’s Chinese

D. the form of a language used in one part of the country

根據(jù)括號中所給的漢語寫出單詞，使句子意思完整正確。

1.It is a bit colder in Nanjing than in Shanghai in    ▲   (冬季).

2.It’s such a    ▲   (令人愉快的) trip that I will remember it forever.

3.The final-term exam is coming soon. The students are busy    ▲   (準(zhǔn)備)for it.

4.In Canada, Children’s Day is better known as National Child Day and is celebrated on   ▲   (11月) 20th each year.

5.In my school, students not only work hard, but also take part in all kinds of    ▲   (活動), such as dancing, drawing, reading and so on.

根據(jù)句子意思，用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.For her    ▲   (twelve) birthday, Jenny invited her teachers and classmates to her house.

2.—How was your visit to Nanjing Confucius Temple at the weekend?

—Wonderful! My parents and I enjoyed    ▲   (we) very much there.

3.After several    ▲   (week) study, the American students found Chinese interesting to learn.

4.You can see the    ▲   ( happy) on her face because she can't find her lovely cat.

5.When a little bit of rain falls, the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become a desert much    ▲   (easy).

6.—May Day is coming, would you like to go    ▲   (climb) with us?

—Why not, I’d love to go to Zijin Mountain.

根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，從下面方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組填空，使對話內(nèi)容完整正確。

A: Though you guys are busy, could you just lend me an ear for a moment？

B: Something wrong? You are not yourself today. I observe(觀察) you    1  , you know.

A: I’ve been getting into    2   because I don’t know how to focus on my study as a Grade 9 student. And I really wish for tips from you because you have set a good example for me.

B: To tell you the truth, I really experienced a hard time like you. However, I could face problems confidently. That    3   a big difference.

A: Can you tell me how to adjust(調(diào)整) my habit of learning and    4   a lot?

B: I’m afraid you’d better change your way of listening in class. I mean that you not only look at the blackboard while listening carefully but also follow the teacher and speak if possible. Listening, thinking and speaking can work together to improve yourself greatly.

A: It makes sense. I will try and won’t just listen lazily. Thanks a lot.

B:   5   with your new way of learning.

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，在文章后小題的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。

It seems school children all over the world complain about their school food. Cherie Blair, wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, said that she would prepare a packed lunch for her son if school dinners do not improve. So what do students of your age eat for lunch at school?

Japan

High schools have canteens, which serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from home such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(泡菜) and vegetables.

Students take home a menu for the coming month containing notes on nutrition value. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food. The class with the fewest leftovers(剩飯) at the end of the month receives a prize.

United States

A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one-third of the daily dietary allowances(定量) of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium and calories.

Australia

Meat pies, sausage rolls and hot dogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the nation pays more attention to children’s health, healthier foods have started to find their way onto school menus.

Many schools have used a traffic light system. The sale of red-labelled foods, including pastries, chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green-labelled foods such as sushi, sandwiches, corn and watermelon, however, are available every day.

In some schools, students have a choice of up to 89 foods to choose from, including popcorn and rice.

South Africa

Most of South Africa’s schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1:30 pm and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.

Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. But as more people began to realize the fact that being too fat may cause different diseases, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition(營養(yǎng)). Now students at these schools are provided with lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbages, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes.

B）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞。

It happens to most of us at times as we try to get through our workday. When sitting at work, we suddenly f  1    a bit headache. But don’t worry; there are some simple things that you can do to ease(減輕) a headache at work w  2    medicine.

Drink a bottle of warm water. Many people do not r  3    that the dry air in their working place can be a danger because of the lack(缺少) of water.

Eat a h  4    snack. During a busy day, it is easy to f  5    to eat, have a snack with much protein(蛋白質(zhì)) which will improve your e  6    and quickly get rid of the hunger that is c  7    the headache. A cup of coffee or a piece of chocolate can be just the thing that you n  8    to ease your headache fast and get back on your way to a great day at work.

Step away from what you are working on for five to ten m  9   . Often, your headache is from your too much a  10    paid to one thing. This can be a computer screen or even one project. The best thing would be to go outside for your eyes to get some natural light.  

Jack是一名九年級的學(xué)生，最近迷上手機(jī)游戲，經(jīng)常玩到深夜，睡眠不足，不能認(rèn)真聽講，導(dǎo)致成績下降。媽媽很生氣，不再讓他使用手機(jī)。假如你是他的朋友Tina，請你寫一封信給他，建議他要合理使用手機(jī)，如查閱資料，記單詞等。同時，考試在即，要理解父母、老師的心情，要主動去溝通，得到他們的原諒和幫助。

要求：

    包含所給要點，語言流暢，意思連貫，適當(dāng)拓展；詞數(shù)80詞左右；開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：become poor in study; get angry with ; communicate with; forgive.

Dear Jack，

I am sorry to hear that you quarreled with your parents about playing mobile phone games.

Yours，

Nanjing,______ capital of Jiangsu, is a beautiful city with____ long history. 

A.a; a              B. the; the             C. a; the           D. the; a

To film fans’ delight, ‘Titanic’ in 3-D returned to Chinese screen ______ April 10, 2012.

A. in               B. on               C. at          D. /

 —Why don’t we take a taxi to the Olympic Sports Center in Hexi?

  —I can’t ____ it. Let’s take the bus instead.

  A. afford             B. pay             C. treat            D. choose