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　　"The history of York(約克)is the history of England．"King George VI(喬治六世)said．York was first built in A．D．71, and it has a rich and long history of more than 1900 years．Its history makes it one of the most popular cities for visitors in Eng- land．People can hear a lot about England's history and they can see it and walk in it．Thousands of people from different countries take a walk through 1900 years of history on York's city walls．"York is a great city with many special buildings, old city walls and a famous university——York University．Besides, it has interesting shops and many fine restaurants．It's both old and modern．I really love it．" said Jack Smith, a visitor from the USA．

　　It's really easy to come to York．York is between London and Edinburgh(愛丁堡), the capital of Scotland(蘇格蘭)．You can take a train from London to York．If you have enough time, you can also take a bus from London to go through Cambridge(劍橋)to York． Come and find out more about York's history!

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　　Two weeks after the Second World War(戰(zhàn)爭)began, Peter wanted to join the army(軍隊), but he was only 16 years old, and boys were allowed to join only if they were over 18．So when the army doctor examined him, he said that he was 18．But Peter's brother Bill had joined the army a few days before, and the same doctor had examined him, too．This doctor remembered Bill's family name, so when he saw Peter's papers, he was surprised．

　　"How old are you?" he said．

　　"Eighteen, Sir．"Said Peter．

　　"But your brother was eighteen, too．" said the doctor, "Are you twins?"

　　"Oh, no, Sir," said Peter, and his face went red," My brother is five months older than me．"

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　　It is said that as the population of a city grows, so do its problems．Pollution, too many cars, and crowded streets are just a few of these difficulties．One way to help with these problems is city trains．Trains traveling to different parts of a city mean fewer cars and buses on our roads, cleaner air, and more open streets．In recent years, cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shanghai have all built city train lines．

　　The first city train line in China was built in Beijing．The oldest part of the train line, from Beijing Zhan to Ping Guo Yuan was opened in 1969．Its length was 23.6 kilometres．As the city grew after 1980, so did the need for more trains．A newer train line was built to help move people around the city centre．The 16-kilometre-long “circle(環(huán)形)line” was finished in 1987．Since that time even more train stations have been built and today the train lines in the city are over 50 kilometres long．

　　For the 2008 Olympic Games, the trains of Beijing will be very important．It is thought that most of the people who go to watch the different sports during the Games will travel using trains．

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　　We have always been interested in the moon．2000 years ago people already knew it moved around the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year．At that time, everything about the moon was learned by watching it carefully in the sky．

　　When scientists could use telescopes to study the moon more closely, their ideas began to change．They could see the moon was made of rocks．Most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on Earth．This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had been caught in the earth’s gravity(引力)millions of years earlier．

　　In 1969 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied．Much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the moon and the earth were made of the same things．Once again new ideas were needed for this new information．

　　After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of Earth．They believe very early in its history, maybe 4 million years ago, something about the size of Mars hit Earth．This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet．These rocks slowly joined together and after many years became the moon．

　　In the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we will still be interested in it．

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　　During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P．E and wrote several books．While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing．He was the inventor of basketball．

　　Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA．One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the students．Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside．He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something．

　　It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea．The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game．It was quite different from the basketball games of today．It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs．Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs” through nets．

　　Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin．

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