【題目】下圖為“某地區(qū)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造圖”。讀圖回答下列問題。

(1)判斷圖中F3 F4的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造并說明理由。

(2)該地區(qū)的主要地形是________。F1F2、F3F4形成之前,該地區(qū)是一個完整的________構(gòu)造。

(3)①分析圖中河流的成因。該河流沿途居民點很少或居民點規(guī)模很小,主要原因是什么?

(4)從地質(zhì)構(gòu)造條件考慮,該地區(qū)是良好的________構(gòu)造。

【答案】(1)斷層。 F3F4兩側(cè)的同一巖層發(fā)生斷裂位移。

(2)山谷 向斜

(3)巖層斷裂后遭受侵蝕而成。 該河沿線多急流瀑布,不利于航運;沿斷層發(fā)育的河流,其河水沿斷層面流失,導致其水量小,地表水資源不足。

(4)儲水

【解析】本題組以地層和等高線圖為載體,考查地質(zhì)構(gòu)造的判讀、形成原因及其運用,主要考查考生獲取和解讀地理信息、論證和探討地理問題的能力。

(1)讀圖可知,F3F4一線兩側(cè)地層不連續(xù),說明巖層發(fā)生了位移,其地質(zhì)構(gòu)造為斷層。

(2)根據(jù)等高線圖,該地區(qū)等高線凸向高值,其地貌類型為山谷。在斷層形成之前,根據(jù)該地區(qū)巖層的新老關(guān)系,中間巖層新、兩側(cè)巖層老,其地質(zhì)構(gòu)造為向斜。

(3)河流位于斷層地帶,其成因應為巖層斷裂后再遭受外力作用而成。該河流沿線居民點少或者小的原因,分析該地區(qū)斷層和等高線特點對航運和水源的不利影響。

(4)根據(jù)第(2)題該地區(qū)為向斜,屬于良好的儲水構(gòu)造。

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