【答案】
分析:根據(jù)硝酸和金屬鐵的反應(yīng)原理:Fe+4HNO
3=Fe(NO
3)
3+2H
2O+NO↑,如果金屬鐵過量時,鐵會和三價鐵繼續(xù)反應(yīng)生成亞鐵離子,即Fe+2Fe(NO
3)
3=3Fe(NO
3)
2根據(jù)方程式計算即可.
解答:解:1.4g金屬鐵的物質(zhì)的量為:
=0.025mol,F(xiàn)e+4HNO
3=Fe(NO
3)
3+2H
2O+NO↑,
硝酸的物質(zhì)的量為0.08L×1mol/L=0.08mol,其中被還原的硝酸化合價降低,0.08mol中只有0.02mol,
質(zhì)量是:0.02mol×63g/mol=1.26g,
根據(jù)方程式,0.08mol硝酸消耗鐵單質(zhì)0.02mol,剩余金屬鐵0.005mol,生成硝酸鐵0.02mol,
所以鐵粉剩余0.025-0.02=0.005mol,F(xiàn)e+2Fe(NO
3)
3═3Fe(NO
3)
2,所以0.005mol鐵粉消耗0.01mol硝酸鐵,
接著發(fā)生反應(yīng):Fe+2Fe(SO
4)
3=3Fe(SO
4)
2,0.005mol金屬鐵反應(yīng)會生成0.015mol硝酸亞鐵,
質(zhì)量為:0.015mol×180g/mol=2.7g,消耗0.01mol硝酸鐵,還剩0.02-0.01mol=0.01mol硝酸鐵,
質(zhì)量為:0.01mol×242g/mol=2.42g,
所以,生成的硝酸鹽中有0.0mol硝酸鐵(質(zhì)量為2.42g),0.015mol硝酸亞鐵(質(zhì)量為2.7g).
答:反應(yīng)停止后生成的硝酸鹽成分有硝酸鐵(質(zhì)量為2.42g),硝酸亞鐵(質(zhì)量為2.7g),被還原的銷酸質(zhì)量是1.26g.
點評:本題考查學(xué)生金屬鐵和硝酸的反應(yīng)情況,注意鐵的量的多少對反應(yīng)的影響,難度較大.