解:(1)5molCO
2的質(zhì)量m=M?n=5mol×44g/mol=220g,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下所占的體積V=n?Vm=5mol×22.4L/mol=112L,所含的分子數(shù)目N=n?N
A=5N
A=3.01×10
24個(gè),所含氧原子的數(shù)目為
6.02×10
24 (10N
A),故答案為:220;112;3.01×10
24 (5N
A);6.02×10
24 (10N
A);
(2)4.5g水的物質(zhì)的量為0.25mol,0.25mol硫酸的質(zhì)量是0.25mol×98g/mol=24.5g,0.25mol水中含有的氧原子數(shù)為0.25N
A,含有的氫原子數(shù)為0.5N
A,0.25mol硫酸含氧原子數(shù)為
N
A,含有的氫原子數(shù)為0.5N
A,它們所含氧原子數(shù)之比是1:4,氫原子數(shù)之比,1:1,故答案為:24.5;1:4;1:1;
(3)Na
2X中含有0.4mol Na
+,Na
2X的物質(zhì)的量為0.2mol,則Na
2X的摩爾質(zhì)量=
=
=62g/mol,摩爾質(zhì)量在數(shù)值上等于其相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量,鈉原子的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量是23,所以X的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量是62-23×2=16,X為氧原子,該物質(zhì)的化學(xué)式為Na
2O,故答案為:62;16;Na
2O;
(4)芒硝的摩爾質(zhì)量2×23g/mol+32g/mol+16g/mol×4+10×18g/mol=322g/mol,3.22g芒硝是0.01molNa
2SO
4?10H
2O,即n(Na
+)=0.02mol,每100個(gè)水分子中溶有1個(gè)鈉離子即
n(H
2O):n(Na
+)=100:1,于是n(H
2O)=2mol,水的摩爾質(zhì)量M(H
2O)=18g/mol,所以共需水的質(zhì)量是36g,0.01molNa
2SO
4?10H
2O中含有水的質(zhì)量是:0.01mol×10×18g/mol=1.8g,所以現(xiàn)在需水的質(zhì)量是36-1.8g=34.2g,故答案為:34.2.
分析:(1)根據(jù)公式m=M?n、V=n?Vm、N=n?N
A來計(jì)算;
(2)物質(zhì)所含分子數(shù)相等則說明分子的物質(zhì)的量是相等的,根據(jù)物質(zhì)的量相等來確定其中的原子個(gè)數(shù)值比;
(3)根據(jù)n=
來計(jì)算,摩爾質(zhì)量在數(shù)值上等于其相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量,根據(jù)相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量來確定分子式;
(4)根據(jù)N=n?N
A=
N
A來計(jì)算.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題是對(duì)課本知識(shí)的考查,要求學(xué)生熟記計(jì)算公式,并靈活運(yùn)用.