我們把數(shù)列{ank}叫做數(shù)列{an}的k方數(shù)列(其中an>0,k,n是正整數(shù)),S(k,n)表示k方數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)的和.
(1)比較S(1,2)•S(3,2)與[S(2,2)]2的大;
(2)若數(shù)列{an}的1方數(shù)列、2方數(shù)列都是等差數(shù)列,a1=a,求數(shù)列{an}的k方數(shù)列通項(xiàng)公式.
(3)對(duì)于常數(shù)數(shù)列an=1,具有關(guān)于S(k,n)的恒等式如:S(1,n)=S(2,n),S(2,n)=S(3,n)等等,請(qǐng)你對(duì)數(shù)列{an}的k方數(shù)列進(jìn)行研究,寫(xiě)出一個(gè)不是常數(shù)數(shù)列{an}的k方數(shù)列關(guān)于S(k,n)的恒等式,并給出證明過(guò)程.
解:(1)S(1,2)=a1+a2,S(3,2)=a13+a23,S(2,2)=a12+a22…(2分)
∴S(1,2)•S(3,2)-[S(2,2)]2
=(a1+a2)(a13+a23)-(a12+a22)2…(4分)
=a1a23+a2a13-2a12a22
=a1a2(a1-a2)2
∵an>0,,∴S(1,2)•S(3,2)≥[S(2,2)]2…(5分)
(2)設(shè)an-an-1=d,an2-an-12=p…(7分)
則 d(an+an-1)=p…①d(an+1+an)=p…②
∴②-①得 2d2=0,∴d=p=0 …(9分)an=an-1,∴ank-an-1k=0
∴ank=ak…(11分)
(3)當(dāng)an=n時(shí),恒等式為[S(1,n)]2=S(3,n) …(15分)
證明:[S(1,n)]2=S(3,n)[S(1,n-1)]2=S(3,n-1),(n≥2,n∈N*)
相減得:an[S(1,n)+S(1,n-1)]=an3
∴[S(1,n)+S(1,n-1)]=an2[S(1,n-1)+S(1,n-2)]=an-12
相減得:an+an-1=an2-an-12,,an>0an-an-1=1,,a1=1
∴an=n…(18分)
分析:(1)由S(1,2)=a1+a2,S(3,2)=a13+a23,S(2,2)=a12+a22,知S(1,2)•S(3,2)-[S(2,2)]2=a1a2(a1-a2)2,由an>0,知S(1,2)•S(3,2)≥[S(2,2)]2.
(2)設(shè)an-an-1=d,an2-an-12=p,則d(an+an-1)=p,d(an+1+an)=p,2d2=0,所以d=p=0,an=an-1,由此能求出ank=ak.
(3)當(dāng)an=n時(shí),恒等式為[S(1,n)]2=S(3,n).證明:[S(1,n)]2=S(3,n)[S(1,n-1)]2=S(3,n-1),(n≥2,n∈N*)相減得:an[S(1,n)+S(1,n-1)]=an3,[S(1,n)+S(1,n-1)]=an2[S(1,n-1)+S(1,n-2)]=an-12,由此得證.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查數(shù)列和不等式的綜合運(yùn)用,解題時(shí)要認(rèn)真審題,注意挖掘題設(shè)中的隱含條件,合理地進(jìn)行等價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化.