分析:(1)利用向量的數(shù)量積
•=0,
• =0,從而證明BD
1⊥平面ACB
1;
(2)設(shè)底面正方形的對(duì)角線AC、BD交于點(diǎn)M,推出2
=
.設(shè)
=b,
=m,
=b
1,
=d
1,求得點(diǎn)E分線段B
1M及D
1B各成λ(λ=2)之比,點(diǎn)E是D
1B與平面ACB
1之交點(diǎn),此交點(diǎn)E將D
1B分成2與1之比,即BE=
ED
1.
解答:證明:(1)先證明BD
1⊥AC.
∵
=
+
+
,
=
+
,
∴
•
=(
+
+
)•(
+
)
=
•
+
•
=
•
-
•
=|
|
2-|
|
2
=1-1=0.
∴BD
1⊥AC.同理可證BD
1⊥AB
1,
于是BD
1⊥平面ACB
1.
(2)設(shè)底面正方形的對(duì)角線AC、BD交于點(diǎn)M,則
=
=
,即2
=
.
對(duì)于空間任意一點(diǎn)O,設(shè)
=b,
=m,
=b
1,
=d
1,
則上述等式可改寫成2(m-b)=d
1-b
1或b
1+2m=d
1+2b.記
=
=e.
此即表明,由e向量所對(duì)應(yīng)的點(diǎn)E分線段B
1M及D
1B各成λ(λ=2)之比,
所以點(diǎn)E既在線段B
1M(B
1M?面ACB
1)上又在線段D
1B上,
所以點(diǎn)E是D
1B與平面ACB
1之交點(diǎn),此交點(diǎn)E將D
1B分成2與1之比,
即D
1E:EB=2:1.∴BE=
ED
1.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查直線與平面垂直的判定,棱柱的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,考查轉(zhuǎn)化思想,邏輯思維能力,是中檔題.