一根長(zhǎng)為L(zhǎng)的絲線吊著一質(zhì)量為m的帶電小球靜止場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大小為E、方向水平向右的勻強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)中,絲線與豎直方向成37°角,(重力加速度為g,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8),求:                                                     

①小球的帶電性質(zhì);                                                                                                   

②小球的帶電量;                                                                                                       

③現(xiàn)突然將該電場(chǎng)方向變?yōu)橄蛳碌笮〔蛔,不考慮因電場(chǎng)的改變而帶來(lái)的其他影響,求小球經(jīng)過(guò)最低點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度和絲線的拉力.                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                   


解:①由平衡條件可判斷小球一定受水平向右的電場(chǎng)力,電場(chǎng)力與電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度方向相同,故小球帶正電.

②小球的受力示意圖如上所示,根據(jù)平衡條件得:qE=mgtan37°①

得 q==

③將該電場(chǎng)方向變?yōu)橄蛳碌笮〔蛔,小球所受的電?chǎng)力方向也將變到向下方向,小球開(kāi)始向下擺動(dòng),根據(jù)動(dòng)能定理得:

   (mg+qE)L(1﹣cos37°)= ②

由①②解得:小球經(jīng)過(guò)最低點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度 v= ③

在最低點(diǎn),由細(xì)線的拉力和重力、電場(chǎng)力的合力提供向心力,根據(jù)牛頓第二定律得:

   T﹣mg﹣qE=m  ④

由③④解得:T=mg

答:

①小球帶正電.

②小球的帶電量為;

③現(xiàn)突然將該電場(chǎng)方向變?yōu)橄蛳碌笮〔蛔儯豢紤]因電場(chǎng)的改變而帶來(lái)的其他影響,小球經(jīng)過(guò)最低點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度為,絲線的拉力為mg.


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