11．Saying"I'm sorry"when you've hurt someone can be a hard thing to do．We're stubborn creatures，after all，and don't love dealing with it when we're wrong．But apologizing，and meaning it，is an important part of the forgiveness process．
Michael McCullough made a research and found that the most sincere，forgiveness-inducing apologies include saying"I'm sorry"，offering to make up for the wrongdoing in some way，and taking responsibility．And the reason why they work so well is largely based on principles of evolution：the apologies make the transgressor（犯錯(cuò)的人）seem more valuable as a relationship partner，and also help the victim feel less at risk of getting hurt again．
One basic scientific implication of the results is that the human psychology of conflict resolution is usually similar to that of animals which live in groups．"Many group-living animals，but particularly mammals，seem to use‘peace-making gestures'as signals of their desire to end conflict and restore cooperative relationships with other individuals after aggressive conflict has occurred，"McCullough said．"We seem to reach a common view on this point．"
"I would say that empathy（情感共鳴）is a part of good mental health，and that could be a part of the natural selection process，too，"Bethany Marshall says．"Humans with empathy tend to be healthier and make better choices in life，while those who are aggressive don't tend to do as well．"
And having empathy when you've hurt someone，she says，is the best way to apologize．"The most important thing is that you feel the other person's pain，"she explains．"So instead of using logic to explain or defend，look inward to identify why you did the bad thing．Then convey that to them and say that you would like to make it better．That counts．"
You can make it even better by making sure to act differently the next time around--what the study authors referred to as"compensation"（補(bǔ)償）．But what tends to happen often，says Marshall，is that people get defensive about what they've done，or even mad at the person they've wronged．So watch your response，because the worst apology，she adds，"is one where the victim is blamed．"
51．When you hurt someone and apologize，it meansD．
A．you won't take risk of getting hurt
B．you put a good value on a sincere partner
C．you have to pay a price for your wrongdoing
D．you are ready to be responsible
52．In the experiment，McCullough find thatB．
A．a(chǎn)nimals are more cooperative with other individuals
B．humans'psychology is very close to animals'when dealing with conflicts
C．a(chǎn)ggressive conflicts aren't easy to end among animals
D．signal gestures may help end conflicts
53．According to Marshall，people with empathy tend toC．
A．defend themselves for what they have done
B．try to explain why they do something logically
C．find fault with themselves seriously
D．show aggressive behaviors in life
54．To make up for the wrongdoing，you need toD．
A．convey the bad things to others
B．experience the other person's pain
C．be careful of your response
D．promise to behave yourself well next time
55．What is the main idea of the passage？A
A．Why apologizing the right way matters．
B．How you accept apologizing of others．
C．When it is suitable to apologize．
D．What you will make an apology for．
分析 短文主要講了當(dāng)你做錯(cuò)事時(shí)，道歉是至關(guān)重要的．
解答 51．D，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Michael McCullough made a research and found that the most sincere，forgiveness-inducing apologies include saying"I'm sorry"，offering to make up for the wrongdoing in some way，and taking responsibility可知，當(dāng)你做錯(cuò)后向人道歉意味著你開始承擔(dān)責(zé)任，故答案為D．
52．B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子One basic scientific implication of the results is that the human psychology of conflict resolution is usually similar to that of animals which live in groups可知，人類處理沖突時(shí)的心理和動(dòng)物是一樣的，故答案為B．
53．C，推理判斷題，根據(jù)句子So instead of using logic to explain or defend，look inward to identify why you did the bad thing．可知，那些有情感共鳴的人傾向于尋找自身的錯(cuò)誤，故答案為C．
54．D，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子Then convey that to them and say that you would like to make it better可知，為了彌補(bǔ)錯(cuò)誤的行為，下一次你需要做得更好，故答案為D．
55．A，主旨大意題，短文主要講了當(dāng)你做錯(cuò)事時(shí)，道歉是至關(guān)重要的，故答案為A．
點(diǎn)評 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題，首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料．其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對性．對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)．
