DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.
A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shape. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations(突變) that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For instance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid-face and skull. In total, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.
Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from Pennsylvania State University, said: “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but you can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can’t go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.” The implications are far reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or victim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer-generated “e-fits” based on witnesses’ recollections. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identity of fathers in paternity cases, or visualising our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.
The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Library of Science Genetics: “Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful; for example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools.” The team developed a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and European ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point co-ordinates on grids placed over 3D images of the faces.
Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of gender, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.
小題1:The underlined word “mugshots” in the second paragraph most probably means _________.
A.different facesB.characteristicsC.pictures of faces D.genders
小題2:What can be inferred from the passage?
A. DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender’s face.
B. It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.
C. In all, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.
D. One gene can affect more than one part of your face.
小題3:According to Professor Mark Shriver, we know_________.
A.they can merely match to an individual or identify an individual
B.there is a possibility of going from DNA to a face
C.DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender’s face
D.this technology is more reliable than computer-generated “e-fits”
小題4:What is the most possible title of the passage?
A.Creating a data bank of DNA
B.Recognizing the DNA of criminals
C.Predicting the location of offence using DNA
D.Building image of offender’s face from DNA

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析:文章介紹最近的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),未來可以通過DNA繪制人的臉,這些研究可以用于盡快的尋找嫌疑人,也可以用于識別人的父親和祖先。
小題1:猜詞題:根據(jù)文章第一段的句子:DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.可知第二段的句中提到的mugshots就是第一段提到的“人臉的圖像”,選C。
小題2:推理題:根據(jù)文章第四段的句子:DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects.可知在DNA的幫助下抓住嫌疑犯可能更加容易,選B
小題3:細節(jié)題:根據(jù)文章第三段的句子:Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from Pennsylvania State University, said: “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but you can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can’t go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.”可知Professor Mark Shriver認為從DNA到一張臉是有可能的,選 B
小題4:主旨題:根據(jù)文章第一段的句子:DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.可知這篇文章介紹的是一個研究發(fā)現(xiàn):可以通過研究DNA繪制疑犯的臉,選D
練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:完形填空

Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have        feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common         between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over         rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the        . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for         the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different          to these problems. However, some approaches are more         than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but         clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s        . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the         of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to         their actions.
Psychologists say that       is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should      to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may       their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and       each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
小題1:
A.naturalB.strongC.guiltyD.similar
小題2:
A.interestB.a(chǎn)rgumentC.linkD.knowledge
小題3:
A.noisyB.crowdedC.messyD.locked
小題4:
A.homeworkB.houseworkC.problem D.research
小題5:
A.washing B.using C.dropping D.replacing
小題6:
A.a(chǎn)pproaches B.contributions C.introductions D.a(chǎn)ttitudes
小題7:
A.complex B.popular C.scientific D.successful
小題8:
A.later B.deliberately C.seldom D.thoroughly
小題9:
A.behavior B.taste C.future D.nature
小題10:
A.failures B.changes C.consequencesD.thrills
小題11:
A.defend B.delay C.repeat D.reconsider
小題12:
A.communicationB.bond C.friendship D.trust
小題13:
A.reply B.a(chǎn)ttend C.a(chǎn)ttach D.talk
小題14:
A.hate B.scold C.frighten D.stop
小題15:
A.loving B.observing C.understanding D.praising

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:完形填空

I once worked in a charter school(特許公立學校).There students with serious problems were put in ___ .So when the year ended in May,only ____students sitting in the classes had been there since the doors____ in August.
Chad was one of them.He started out in my first semester ___ class.He had taken the course twice already ____ earning a credit(學分),which was ____ at the school.He was too excited at times but fairly bright,and he never ____ a day of school during the first  semester.Chad earned credit for first semester Spanish and moved on to the second.
I noticed a huge ____ in him when he returned from Christmas vacation.He was quieter and worked harder.I was ____ by his big improvement.Towards the end of the spring semester,Chad missed several weeks of school.When he returned.He told me he was soon being sent to “year­round school”.
I ____ the “year­round school” was prison.I was _____ to learn that he had broken into someone's house.____ I wanted to give him an award,some teachers said,“You should give the award to someone else.” I considered it.____ in the end I decided to ____ Chad only on what he had done in my class.
Chad's sentencing had been delayed, and he ____ to school that day.He ___ reacted when I gave him an award for Most Improved.He hugged me ____ and said,“Thank you.Now I have___to show my mom.”
Chad didn't finish second semester Spanish,and he never got ____ for the course.But I'd like to think that ____ made a difference in his life.
小題1:
A.seaB.townC.villageD.prison
小題2:
A.a(chǎn) fewB.manyC.plenty ofD.few
小題3:
A.startedB.closedC.openedD.broke
小題4:
A.EnglishB.ChineseC.SpanishD.Japanese
小題5:
A.withB.withoutC.onD.for
小題6:
A.specialB.usualC.a(chǎn)verageD.common
小題7:
A.ignoredB.missedC.spentD.wasted
小題8:
A.changeB.fearC.troubleD.concern
小題9:
A.confirmedB.puzzledC.preventedD.impressed
小題10:
A.inventedB.recognizedC.discoveredD.realized
小題11:
A.shockedB.pleasedC.frightenedD.terrified
小題12:
A.BeforeB.UntilC.UnlessD.When
小題13:
A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Even
小題14:
A.rewardB.determineC.judgeD.defend
小題15:
A.made itB.got itC.went itD.caught it
小題16:
A.excitedlyB.slowlyC.normallyD.hardly
小題17:
A.looselyB.tightlyC.unwillinglyD.narrowly
小題18:
A.everythingB.a(chǎn)nythingC.somethingD.nothing
小題19:
A.creditB.honourC.supportD.bond
小題20:
A.incidentB.a(chǎn)wardC.sentenceD.hug

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

New findings from Queen’s University biologists show that in the plant world, bigger isn’t necessarily better.
“Until now most of the thinking has suggested that to be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a big plant,” says Queen’s Biology professor Lonnie Aarssen. “But our research shows it’s virtually the other way around.”
Previous studies showed that larger plant species monopolize(壟斷) sunlight, water and other resources, limiting the number of smaller plant species that can exist around them. But the research has proved that this is not generally the case in natural vegetation.
In the Queen’s project, PhD student Laura Keating targeted the largest “host plants” of 16 woody plant species growing in the Okanogan Valley, British Columbia. The research team calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant. They then randomly selected plots without host plants and calculated the plant species there as well. The research showed that the massive trees have no effect on the number of species with which they coexist.
Smaller plants have many advantages over their overbearing neighbors, Professor Aarssen notes. Larger species generate physical space niches under their shelters where smaller species grow well. Smaller plants are much more effective than large trees at using available resources. They also produce seeds at a much younger age and higher rate than their bigger counterparts, and settle down much more quickly—thuscompeting with the newly-born plants of larger species.
小題1: What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Smaller plants may have many advantages over their neighbors.
B.In the plant world, the bigger is better than the smaller one.
C.To be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a small plant.
D.Queen’s University’s students made a new research.
小題2: The underlined word “this” in Para. 3 refers to the view that _____.
A.large and small plants can grow together in harmony
B.larger plant species limit their smaller neighbors’ growth
C.small plant species have their own advantages
D.large and small plant species can never coexist
小題3:What can we learn according to the text?
A.Larger plant species limit the number of smaller ones around them.
B.Smaller plants can limit the number of plant species around them.
C.Smaller plants produce seeds at a higher rate than their bigger counterparts.
D.Larger trees are more effective than small plants at using available resources.
小題4:Which is the CORRECT order in the Queen’s project?
a. Randomly selected plots without host plants and-calculated the plant species.
b. Calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant.
c. Selected the largest individuals or "host plants" of 16 woody plant species.
A.a(chǎn), b, cB.c, b, a
C.b, c, aD.a(chǎn), c, b

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

  Bananas are one of the world’s most important food crops. They are also one of the most valuable exports. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses. For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in North American and European markets. However, some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plants’ leaves. Farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week.

Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plants. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America.
The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain supports research on bananas. The group has headquarters in France and other offices in the major banana-growing areas of the world. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five hundred different kinds of bananas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has said that the Cavendish banana represents only 10% of world production.
The U. N. agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This happened earlier to another popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease.
小題1:What does this passage mainly tell us?
A.Bananas are the world’s most important food crops.
B.The risk to a popular banana shows need to grow other kinds.
C.There are five hundred different kinds of bananas.
D.How to grow bananas in different countries.
小題2:Bananas are threatened by disease because   .
A.they grow from seeds
B.they are one of the most valuable exports
C.the only way to prevent it is to put chemicals on their leaves
D.they have genetic weaknesses against disease
小題3: Panama disease   .
A.doesn’t belong to fungal disease
B.a(chǎn)ffects the leaves of banana plants
C.destroys bananas more seriously than Black Sigatoka disease
D.has spread to bananas all over the world
小題4: We can infer from Paragraph 3 that   .
A.the center of the group is in the US
B.the Cavendish banana covers only a small part of the yield of bananas
C.the key to solving the disease is to research all kinds of bananas
D.each fungal disease affects five hundred different kinds of bananas

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

There are many things that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in many ways. Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure. Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators. Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is. This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life. Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable.
Administrative assistants welcome students at the beginning of the day and answer a large number of questions. When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for. The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office.
Cafeteria workers have a short period of time to interact with students, but can make a big difference as well. Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve. Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs.
Custodians (管理人員) are often underappreciated for all that they give to schools. They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate (復(fù)雜的) tools. They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event. They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning. A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most.
小題1:If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that       .
A.he is cared for
B.he is special
C.he has done something wrong
D.he has made progress in study
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?
A.It’s enough for them to cook for the students.
B.It’s hard for them to interact with the students.
C.They can also meet the emotional needs of the students.
D.They have the most interaction with students at school.
小題3:We learn from the fourth paragraph that       .
A.custodians play the least important role in a school
B.the work of custodians often goes unnoticed
C.custodians should be more serious with students
D.custodians’ work is always appreciated at school
小題4:How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?
A.Disappointed. B.Appreciative.
C.Dissatisfied. D.Doubtful.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

DAVID Beckham. Cristiano  Ronaldo and Rnfacl Nadal while you watch sports and admin* the players’ skills, do you ever notice how handsome the players are?
Yes, sportsmen tend to be handsome. And they haven’t only attracted the interest of the audience even scientists are now studying their good looks.
In a recent study, Erik Postma, a biologist at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, collected the headshots(頭像)of 80 professional athletes from I hr 2012 Tour He France, a bicycle race held in Franco. The race, which covers 3,200 kilometers in 23 days, is often considered to In* one of the hardest endurance(耐力)events, according to The Telegraph.
Postma then asked female participants to score the cyclists’ attractiveness.judging them only based on their facial appearances. So, if a participant recognized any of the cyclists, meaning she knew how good he was at the sport, her score wouldn’t count.
After comparing all the scores with the cyclists’ performances in the 2012 race, Postma was surprised to find that the best riders were rated on average 25 percent more attractive than the worst ones. For example, one of the cyclists, Maxime Monfort , came third in terms of attractiveness and sixth in terms of performance, reported Discovery News.
But where did women get the ability to single out a good rider by simply looking at his face?
According lo Postma, evolution (進化) seems to be the answer. In ancient times, women preferred to marry strong men because they would provide good genes for their children. A man with great endurance was also able to cover long distances to hunt for food, which would allow him to better feed the family. “That’s why endurance performance was a key evolutionary factor.” Postma told Discovery News.
As you can see, it’s not that sportsmen ate more attractive themselves, women were just born to think of them that way.
Perhaps surprisingly, when Postma did the same test with male participants, he found that men actually had a quite similar view on which riders were handsome. Even
though most men aren’t aware of it. they inherited (繼承) this ability from their ancient past, when it was necessary to “spot potential competitors” , explained Postma.
小題1:What did Erik Postma ask female participants to do in his study?
A.To help collect the headshots of professional cyclists from the Tour de France.
B.To pick out the cyclists whom they are familiar with or appreciate most.
C.To rate the cyclists’ attractiveness according to facial appearance.
D.To predict the cyclists ’ performances based on facial appearance.
小題2:What did Postma discover from his study?
A.The more attractive a cyclist was, the better he performed in the race.
B.Generally, a cyclist’s endurance had nothing to do with his attractiveness.
C.Attractive cyclists proved to have less endurance than those who were less attractive.
D.Those who performed best in the games were considered more attractive than those who performed worst.
小題3:What can we conclude from the last three paragraphs?
A.Women and men hold quite different views on male attractiveness.
B.Men with good looks tend to lie less popular than men with great endurance.
C.A man with great endurance appealed to women in ancient times and this remains the same today.
D.Most men don* t have the same ability as women to single out a good sportsman by simply looking at his face.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Schooling Matters
March 25, 2014  Chengdu  Michelle Obama
You see, the truth is that I grew up like many of you. My mom, my dad, my brother and I, we lived in a tiny apartment in Chicago, which is one of the largest cities in America. My father worked at the local water plant…
While we certainly weren’t rich, my parents had big dreams for me and my brother. They had only a high school education themselves, but they were determined to send us both to universities.
So they poured all of their love and all of their hope into us, and they worked hard. They saved every penny. And I know that wasn’t easy for them, especially for my father. You see, my father had serious illness called multiple sclerosis(多發(fā)性硬化癥). And as he got sicker, it got harder for him to walk, and it took him longer to get dressed in the morning.
But no matter how tired he felt, no matter how much pain he was in, my father hardly ever missed a day of work, because he was determined to give me and my brother a better life. And every day, like so many of you, I felt the weight of my parents’ sacrifices on my shoulders. Every day, I wanted to make them proud.
So, while most American kids attend public schools near their homes, when it was time for me to attend high school, I took an exam and got into a special public high school where I could get a better education. But the school was very far from my home, so I had to get up early every morning and ride a bus for an hour, sometimes an hour and a half if the weather was bad. And every afternoon, I’d ride that same bus back home and then immediately start my homework, often studying late into the night – and sometimes I would wake up at 4:30 or 5:00 in the morning to study even more.
And it wasn’t easy. But whenever I got tired or discouraged, I would just think about how hard my parents were working for me. And I would remember something my mother always told me – she said, “A good education is something that no one can take away from you.”
小題1:The passage can be sorted as a        
A.self-introductionB.short storyC.news reportD.speech draft (草稿)
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about Michelle Obama and her family?
A.Her parents were poor but had good educational backgrounds.
B.She attended a public high school near her home.
C.Her father suffered a serious disease and became disabled.
D.She was aware of her parents’ sacrifices and expectations.
小題3:Which of the following words best describes Michelle’s father?
A.Optimistic.B.Humorous.C.Strong-mindedD.Generous
小題4:What does Michelle mainly want to tell readers in this excerpt?
A.We should work hard and get good educations.
B.Our parents always have high expectations for us.
C.She is an ordinary person from an ordinary family.
D.The road to the US First Lady is not easy.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing (引證) older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays against funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem (自尊). The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation (自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think of positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (靜思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic viewpoint. Call it the power of negative thinking. 
小題1:The first paragraph is written _________.
A.to raise an argument about positive thinking
B.to introduce the power of positive thinking
C.to encourage people to have positive thoughts
D.to introduce the $11 billion self-help industry
小題2:According to the study of the Canadian researchers, _________.
A.positive thinking is not as powerful as negative thinking
B.encouraging positive thinking may actually discourage people
C.happy people can think positively while unhappy people can’t
D.getting people to think positively can strengthen their confidence
小題3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.You are pointing out the mistakes he has made.
B.You are reminding him that he is not intelligent.
C.You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
D.You are showing he has great potential in spite of faults.
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
A.negative feelings must be got rid of
B.there’s no point in thinking positively
C.it doesn’t make sense to think negatively
D.negative thinking is not always negative

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案