Domestic (馴養(yǎng)的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (馴服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.
Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.
As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of horses would show more of these chosen characteristics.
Modern-day horse breeds（種類） come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds— typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (礦井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.
The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horses were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new form of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world.
【小題1】Before domestication horses were ______.
| A．caught for sports | B．hunted for food |
| C．made to pull ploughs | D．used to carry people |
| A．it is smaller than the Clydesdale horse |
| B．horses used to have gentle personalities |
| C．some horses have better shapes than others |
| D．horses were of less variety before domestication |
| A．carrying heavy loads | B．changing farming methods |
| C．serving as a means of transport | D．advancing agriculture in different areas |
| A．why humans domesticated horses |
| B．how humans and horses needed each other |
| C．why horses came in different shapes and sizes |
| D．how human societies and horses influenced each other |
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
You don’t have to ask Barack Obama what it is like to be a president-elect. Chances are you can be one, too, and it won’t take more than 30 years’ efforts to achieve that.
A new computer game, Commander in Chief, offers the chance to step into the president’s shoes and see whether you can do a better job running the country than he can.
The video game will be available on January 20, the day Obama is sworn in (宣誓就職) as president.
So what will you do in the game?
Like Obama, your early task is to select members of the Cabinet（內閣）from 250 personality types. Then you immediately face internal（國內的）and external challenges. Every decision you make has an in-game consequence.
“You can put your own political theories into action and see the domestic（國內的）and international effect,” said the lead designer Louis-Marie Rocques.
Internal decisions involve managing budgets, security, education, health care and discussion over many proposed laws. You also have to respond to critics. Every decision has a consequence, which changes the political environment. For example, raising taxes will raise criticisms and protests while lowering taxes means you will have less money to play with.
What about external decisions? Well, you have to deal with military issues, global economics, trade agreements, and spending time lobbying（游說）other presidents. You can determine the course of world events by invading（侵略）a neutral country, or toppling（推翻）an unfriendly country but then you must face the economic, political, and military consequences.
Don’t want to be president of the US? The game also lets you become virtual（虛擬的）leader of other countries including France, Germany, Spain and Russia.
The purpose of writing this passage is mainly to .
A. show you how hard it is to be the newly-elected president, Barack Obama
B. explain why the video game is so popular among American citizens
C. introduce to you one special computer game, Commander in Chief
D. inform how designers developed the interesting computer game
Which of the following items belongs to internal affairs in the game?
A. Managing budgets, responding to critics and military issues.
B. Managing budgets, raising taxes and trade agreements.
C. Health care, discussing proposed laws and lowering taxes.w(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
D. Education, security and lobbying other countries.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Those who want to be a president one day will get a taste of their private life.
B. The first task in the game is to form the Cabinet consisting of 250 members.
C. The video game has hit the stores in America and enjoys sales success.
D. Like a real president, the players will face challenges at home and abroad
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010屆河南省高三下學期第一次教學質量調研考試 題型：閱讀理解
China’s telecommunications supervisor（管理者）has given long-awaited third-generation, or 3G mobile phone licenses to three mobile operators, a move that is expected to lead to billions of dollars being used in building new networks. As you know, 3G mobile phones are the next big step for the telecom industry and data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than that in present technology. This means users can have high-speed Internet and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said China’s biggest mobile operator, China Mobile, was given a license for TD-SCDMA, the domestically-developed 3G standard.
Wang Jianzhou, President of China Mobile said the company had already started construction of new networks to cover all cities by 2011. “After our testing operation of the network which started from last April, we have seen that the new technology has developed into maturity（成熟）. By this June, we will finish the second stage of the network construction which covers 28 cities around the country.”
The other two main carriers, China Telecom and China Unicom, received respectively licenses for the 3G standards of U. S.-developed CDMA2000 and Europe’s WCDMA. Both the three operators expressed an active attitude on the future competition and cooperation in the field of 3G mobile.
The 3G high-speed networks can handle faster data downloads, allowing handset users to make video calls and watch TV programs.
Officials expect that there could be about 280 billion yuan, or about 40 billion dollars of direct investment in new networks over the next two years, an effective measure to boost（提高）the domestic（國內的）demand and perfect telecom market competition.
64. The 3G standard developed in China is ________.
A. SLEDMA B. CDMA2000 C. TD - SCDMA D. WCDMA
65. How soon will the new networks cover most parts of China?
A. In half a year. B. In one year. C. In two years. D. In three years.
66. According to the president of China Mobile, ________.
A. 3G mobile phone has developed into maturity
B. the network construction has been finished
C. the network has covered 28 cities in China
D. the second stage of the network hasn’t started
67. Which of the following statements is true?
A. More and more companies will receive respectively licenses for the 3G standards.
B. With 3G high-speed networks, users can watch different programs at the same time.
C. Not all of the three operators thought well of the future competition of 3G mobile.
D. The operators will spend a great amount of money first before earning more money.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年江蘇省淮安市淮陰區(qū)高二下學期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Recently some American scientists have given a useful sincere piece of advice to people in industrialized nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.
The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since humans first appeared on the earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times, so they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes ( 中風 ) are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic or tame ones ( 家畜 ). They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of these. We eat six times more salt than our remote ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate much the same way as remote ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
1.What is the main cause that people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?
A. Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.
B. People today have a lot of alcohol.
C. People today have more tobacco.
D. Food today is quite different from that of ancient times.
2.Which of the following belongs to the dairy products?
A. Milk B. Corn C. Pork D. Flour
3. New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ________.
A. the human body has changed compared with humans who first appeared on the earth
B. the way we live has changed a little
C. our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D. the way we live today is proper for the human body
4. According to some scientists, Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of ________.
A. milk and other dairy products B. salt and sugar
C. wild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits D. grain foods
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科目：高中英語 來源：2009年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試浙江卷英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
Below are same classified ads from an English newspaper.
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Classified ads FOR DORECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800-0557 10 A.M.-4P.M. MONDAY-FRIDAY |
||
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FOR SALE ——————————— COME to our moving sale- Plants, pottery, books, clothes, etc.Sat,Dec.14th ---9a.m.-5p.m. 1612 Femdale,Apt.1,800-4696 USED FUR COATS and JACKETS ,Good condition $30-$50.Call 800-0436 after 12 noon. MOVING; Must sell.TV21”, $50; AM/FM radio A/C or battery, $15; cassette tape recorder, $10.Call Jon or Pat, 800-0739 after 5p.m. or Weekends. SHEEPSKIN COAT: man’s size 42, 1year old. $85 after 6 p.m., 800-5224. LOST AND FOUND ——————————— FOUND; Cat, 6 months old, black and white markings. Found near Linden and South U. Steve.800-4661. LOST; Gold wire rim glasses In brown case. Campus area. Reward. Call Gregg 800-9662, FOUND: Nov.8th-----A black and white puppy in Packard-Jewett area 800-5770. |
PERSONAL ———————————— OVERSEAS JOBS—Australia, Europe, S. America, Africa. Students all professions and occupation, $700 to $3000 monthly. Expenses paid, overtime sightseeing. Free information at STUDENTS’ UNION. THE INTERNATIONAL ———————————— CENTER plans to publish a booklet of student travel adventures . If you’d like to write about your foreign experiences, unusual or just plain interesting, call us (800-9310) and ask for Mike or Janet.
UNSURE WHAT TO DO? Life-Planning Workshop. Dec. 13th-15th. Bob and Margaret Atwood, 800-0046. ROOMMATES ———————————— FEMALE ROOMMATE WANTED: Own room near- campus. Available December 1# . Rent $300 per month until March 1#. $450 thereafter. Call Jill for details, 800-7839. NEED PERSON to assume lease for own bedroom in apt. near campus, $380/mo.starting Jan. 1# Call 800-6157 after 5 p.m. |
DOMESTIC SERVICE ———————————— EARLY HOUR WAKE-UP SERVICE: For prompt, courteous wake-up service, call 800-0760. HELP WANTED ———————————— BABYSITTER—MY HOME If you are available a few hours during the day, and some evening to care for 2 school-age children, please call Gayle Moore, days 800-1111, evening and weekends 800-4964. PERSONS WANTED for Delivery work Own Transportation Good pay Apply 2311 E. Stadium. Office 101, after 9a.m. TELEPHONE RECEPTION- IST WANTED. NO experience Necessary Good pay. Apply 2311 E. Stadium. office 101, after 9a.m. WAITRESS WANTED: 10a.m.-2p.m.or 10:30 a.m.- 5p.m. Apply inperson,2075 Main. Curtis Restaurant. HELP WANTED for house Cleaning 1/2 day on weekends When—to be discussed for mutual convenience. Good wages. Sylvan Street. Call 800-2817.
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1.Where will you post a notice if you need someone to look after your children?
A. PERSONAL. B. HELP WANTED.
C. DOMMESTIC SERVICE. D. ROOMMATES.
2.A second-hand jacket will probably cost you________.
A. $60 B. $40 C. $20 D. $10
3.To have your travel notes published, you may contact_________.
A. Students’ Union B. Gayle Moore
C. The International Center D. Life-Planning Workshop
4.If you want to have someone wake you up in the morning, you may call_________.
A. 800-5224 B. 800-5770
C. 800-7839 D. 800-0760
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科目：高中英語 來源：0910學年河南省高一上學期第一次考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk（收縮）. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communication’s equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic(國內的) business efforts.
Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive(行政的) ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superior will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more common.
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.
English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate(候選人) the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients(客戶) over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
65. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A. Critical. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Positive.
66. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people_________.
A. have to get familiar with modern technology
B. are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C. are placing more importance on their overseas business
D. are eager to work overseas
67. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Para. 3) probably means _________.
A. being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B. being totally out of touch with business at home
C. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D. leaving all care and worry behind
68. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
A. Connections with businesses overseas. B. Ability to speak the client’s language.
C. Technical know-how. D. Business experience.
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