Question

By the mid?nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in places like hotels and hospitals, and by some forward?looking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861～1865 ), it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one?third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, people only had some simple and basic knowledge of the physics of heat. The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been in the correct direction. He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market in the village of Georgetown. And there he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting goods of his competitors to pay a higher price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one?pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.

The Origin of Refrigerators
History of the icebox	*By the mid?19th century the1._______ that ice had on American citizens' life was limited mainly to the diet. *When cities grew, the ice 2.________ increased. *Forward?looking businessmen used ice to keep meat, fish and butter3._______. *After the Civil War, due to the 4._______ of the modern refrigerator, household use of ice became possible.
Incorrect5.________ about the icebox	*The icebox 6.________ best when the ice was prevented from melting. *Ice should be 7.________ up in blankets to help do its jobs.
Thomas Moore's story	*As early as 1803, Thomas Moore knew how to use an icebox8.________. *An icebox was designed by Thomas Moore to9.________ his butter to the market. *Thomas Moore was very10.______ in his business.

 

Answer 1

1.effect/influence/impact

2.trade/business/deal

3.fresh

4.invention/appearance

5.ideas/views/opinions

6.worked/functioned

7.wrapped/packed/parceled

8.correctly/properly/efficiently

9.transport/deliver

10.successful

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了冰箱的發(fā)展過(guò)程。起初人們只是在賓館，醫(yī)院使用，后來(lái)隨著美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)，人們?cè)诩依镆查_(kāi)始用icebox來(lái)儲(chǔ)存食品，慢慢地icebox經(jīng)過(guò)不斷改進(jìn)，成了現(xiàn)在的冰箱。

1.effect/influence/impact信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)首段中but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States.可知19世紀(jì)中期冰僅僅用于人們的飲食，其中affect是信息提示詞，故此處填 effect/influence/impact ，構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)have effcet/ influence /impact on “對(duì)….有影響”。

2.trade/business/deal信息查找題。根據(jù)The ice trade grew with the growth of cities.可知填trade/business/deal。

3.fresh信息理解題。根據(jù)Ice was used ……by some forward?looking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.可知生意人用冰來(lái)對(duì)食品保鮮，填fresh。

4.invention/appearance信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)首段末句….This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented.可知由于冰箱的發(fā)明，冰在家庭的使用開(kāi)始普及。

5.ideas/views/opinions根據(jù)The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was…..可知此處說(shuō)的是人們對(duì)冰的使用的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，填ideas/views/opinions 。

6.worked/functioned信息歸納題。根據(jù)for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.可知此處指冰在融化的狀態(tài)下才能更好地起到冷藏物品的作用，填worked/functioned 。

7.wrapped/packed/parceled信息查找題。從Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job.可知冰用毯子等包裹起來(lái)后才會(huì)更好地發(fā)揮它的作用。

8.correctly/properly/efficiently信息概括題。從文章第三段可知早在1803，Thomas Moore就會(huì)正確地使用對(duì)冰來(lái)保存食品，填correctly/properly/efficiently。

9.transport/deliver 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)末段He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market中的transportation可知他是用特制的冰盒來(lái)運(yùn)輸奶油，故填transport或者deliver。

10.successful 信息歸納題。根據(jù)末句As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.可知他賺了很多錢(qián)，也就是獲得了成功，填successful。

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