Question

【題目】 There is a huge need for shark fins (鰭) in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed. According to reports, sharks are being killed at an shocking rate (速度) of up to 273 million worldwide every year.

Some experts predict that if the killing continues at the current rate, many shark species will be lost forever. It can be very dangerous. Sharks are very important and they should be protected.

In a study of the east coast of the United States, 11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range. Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded and caused great damage to the ecosystem. For example, the cownose ray (鰩) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops (扇貝), their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely. Also, the removal of the scallops most likely had an effect on water quality as they were no longer there to perform their function (功能) of cleaning the water.

Sharks tend to eat very efficiently (高效地), going after the old, sick, or slower fish in a population, keeping that population healthy. Sharks help keep many populations of ocean life to the right size so that those prey (獵物) species don’ t do harm to the ecosystem by becoming too populated. The ocean ecosystem is made up of very complex (復雜地) food webs. For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.

【1】According to the passage, in Asian, people kill sharks mainly because ________.

A.sharks are dangerous for peopleB.there are too many sharks

C.shark fins are in great needD.sharks often attack swimmers

【2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 4?

A.Fed.B.Removed.C.Charged.D.Protected.

【3】After the number of cownose rays greatly increased, ________.

A.water quality improved as wellB.bay scallops grew out of control

C.there are more food for sharkD.the local scallop fishery was harmed

【4】What can we know about sharks from Paragraph 4?

A.They can’t find enough food to feed on.

B.They never eat the old, sick or slower fish.

C.Their large populations can harm the ecosystem.

D.They play a key role in keeping the ecosystem healthy.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】

本文為夾敘夾議文。文章主要說明由于亞洲國家對魚翅的需求量很大而導致許多鯊魚被捕獲并殺死。由于鯊魚是海洋生物食物網(wǎng)的關鍵物種，有助于海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡。它們的消失可能會導致整個海洋系統(tǒng)崩潰。因此，我們應該保護鯊魚，保護整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“There is a huge need for shark fins (鰭) in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed”可知 亞洲國家對魚翅的需求量很大。因此許多鯊魚被捕獲并殺死。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。

【2】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句“11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.”后的內容“Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded ...” 在這些鯊魚曾經(jīng)食用的14種海洋生物中，有12種數(shù)量激增，...。由此可知，鯊魚的消失或減少讓曾經(jīng)是它的食物的14種中有12種海洋生物大增。分析選項A. Fed喂養(yǎng)；B. Removed使消失，去除，離開，C. Charged要價，控告；D. Protected.保護，可知只有B項符合題意，故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...the cow nose ray (鰩) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops (扇貝), their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely.”可知，牛鼻鰩的數(shù)量不再受鯊魚的控制，以一種無法控制的方式增長。結果，牛鼻鰩摧毀了它們最喜歡的食物——海灣扇貝的種群。已有100多年歷史的扇貝漁業(yè)遭到了徹底的破壞。由此可推斷出，牛鼻鰩的數(shù)量大大增加后，扇貝急劇減少，當?shù)氐纳蓉悵O業(yè)受到了損失。故選D。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.” 在大多數(shù)情況下，鯊魚在這些食物網(wǎng)的頂部，被科學家認為是“關鍵”物種，這意味著它們消失可能會導致整個結構崩潰。因此，我們應該保護鯊魚，因為這樣做是為了保護整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。由此可推斷出，鯊魚在保持整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡方面起著非常重要的作用。故選D項。

閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會考查詞義猜測題。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。運用邏輯推理猜測詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式，這要求考生具備整合分散、復雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各種已知信息）并結合具體的語境推測、判斷某些詞或短語的詞義。如第2小題屬于測詞意題。根據(jù)劃線詞“11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.”后的內容“Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded ...” 在這些鯊魚曾經(jīng)食用的14種海洋生物中，有12種數(shù)量激增，...。由此可知，鯊魚的消失和減少會讓曾經(jīng)是它的食物的14種中有12種海洋生物大增。分析選項A. Fed喂養(yǎng)；B. Removed使消失，去除，離開，C. Charged要價，控告；D. Protected.保護，可知，只有B項符合題意，故選B。