Question

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感覺）of warmth encourages emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions — those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知）of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假設）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

1.According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. the things he has bought online

D. his physical feeling of coldness

2.The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ____________.

A. adults should develop social skills

B. caregivers should be healthy adults

C. babies need warm physical contact

D. monkeys have social relationships

3.In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _______________.

A. evaluate someone’s personality

B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

4.We can infer from the passage that _____________________.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. physical temperature affects how we see others

C. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

D. capable persons are often cold to others

5.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

C. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

D. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文通過John A. Bargh的實驗來對物理感覺和情緒關系進行闡述，發(fā)現(xiàn)物理感覺可以影響情緒。

1.小題1】D 細節(jié)推斷題。由第一段The physical sensation（感覺）of warmth encourages emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions可知溫暖的感覺可以令人感到溫暖，冷飲可以使頭腦醒，即情緒可以被物質(zhì)感覺影響。故選D

2.小題2】C 細節(jié)推斷題。由第二段babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations可知小孩對世界的感覺來自于身體知覺。故選C

3.小題3】A 細節(jié)理解題。由第四段the students were asked to rate the personality of…可知學生被要求評價某人的個性。故選A

4.小題4】B 細節(jié)推斷題。由第四段those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.可知外界溫度是可以影響人的態(tài)度的。故選B

5.小題5】C 主旨歸納題。全文在談身體感覺與情緒的關系。故選C

考點：考查科學說明文閱讀