It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妝). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.

The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.

1. Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to_________.

A give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s property

B help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family

C protect a woman against the risk of desertion

D both A and C

2. According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was__________.

A higher than that of a single woman

B higher than that of her husband

C lower than that of her husband

D the same as that of her husband

3. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?

A To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband?s personal property.

B To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.

C To prove that women have powerful position.

D To illustrate how women win her property.

4. The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is____________.

A some of the land Miro had inherited

B a tenth of Miro’s land

C money for household expenses

D money form Miro’s inheritance

5.The author’s attitude towards Maria Vivas is_____________.

A sympathetic B disapproval C indifferent D objective

 

1.C

2.D

3.B

4. A

5.D

【解析】

歐洲南部的婦女在10和11世紀(jì)時(shí)享有較高的社會(huì)地位，這并未獲得廣泛認(rèn)識(shí)。作為一個(gè)妻子，女性的地位受到其嫁妝的保護(hù)。誠(chéng)然，嫁妝最初的目的是防止女性被拋棄;但是，它在當(dāng)時(shí)家庭和社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中起著更重要的作用。妻子的嫁妝使她有權(quán)獲得其丈夫十分之一的財(cái)物。妻子有權(quán)利拒絕丈夫所做的任何交易，但這不僅僅只是一項(xiàng)權(quán)利而已;文件表明她與丈夫一樣平等地享有真正的決定權(quán)。文件沒(méi)有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何差別。

妻子享有管理丈夫私人財(cái)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利，但是反之則不然。如果丈夫要越權(quán)侵犯她們的利益，女性們會(huì)時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著捍衛(wèi)自己的利益，有時(shí)她們還會(huì)表現(xiàn)出一種堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的斗爭(zhēng)精神。Maria Vivas就是一個(gè)典型的例子。為了家庭的需要，她同意其丈夫Miro出售一塊屬于她的土地，但是她堅(jiān)持要求獲得補(bǔ)償。但是丈夫沒(méi)有給她提供補(bǔ)償，于是她把丈夫拖到一個(gè)文書(shū)處，起草了一份合同，成功地把他丈夫的一塊私人土地劃歸自己。正如合同所寫(xiě)的，“為了和平”，這個(gè)不幸的丈夫不得不同意。要么借助嫁妝，要么通過(guò)發(fā)脾氣，妻子知道如何在家庭中為自己贏得強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。

1.[C 推斷題。本文介紹了歐洲南部10和11世紀(jì)嫁妝對(duì)女性在婚姻中地位的重要性。雖然嫁妝最初的目的是防止女性被拋棄，但實(shí)際上它的作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止于此。它使妻子在婚姻中的地位與丈夫平等，并保障了妻子的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。女性在維護(hù)自己的利益上，是很堅(jiān)定果敢的，Maria Vivas就是一個(gè)例子。見(jiàn)第一段第三句，“Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion...”，雖然在實(shí)際生活中嫁妝有更重要的作用，但最初它的作用只是為了防范女性被丈夫拋棄，所以C為正確答案。

2.[D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)本文，妻子在婚姻中的法律地位和丈夫是平等的。見(jiàn)第一段最后一句，“In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife”文件中并沒(méi)有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何的差別，也就是說(shuō)他們的地位是平等的，所以D為正確答案。

3.[B 推斷題。作者舉Maria Vivas的事例，是為了說(shuō)明妻子是能夠捍衛(wèi)自己的利益的。見(jiàn)第二段第二句，“Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance...they showed a fine fighting spirit.”如果丈夫要侵占自己的利益，女性們就時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著捍衛(wèi)自己的利益，有時(shí)她們還表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的斗爭(zhēng)精神。接下來(lái)作者就舉了Maria Vivas的例子，說(shuō)明女性是有能力捍衛(wèi)自己的利益的。所以B為正確答案。

4.[A 細(xì)節(jié)題。Maria Vivas得到的一份作為補(bǔ)償?shù)耐恋�，本�?lái)是屬于Miro的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)。見(jiàn)第二段第五句，“None being offered, she succeeded in... assigning her a piece of land from Miro?s personal inheritance”由此知A為正確答案。

5.[D 推斷題。作者對(duì)Maria Vivas所持的態(tài)度是客觀的。作者客觀地介紹了Maria Vivas的事例，并沒(méi)有表示出同情、不滿或者是漠不關(guān)心，所以A、B、C都是錯(cuò)誤答案。

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The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ’

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     B   people prefer cars, buses and trains.

     C   lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.

     D   there are a lot of transportation devices.

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     B   a pleasure.

     C   satisfying drivers’ great thrill.

     D   a necessity of life.

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     B   Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.

     C   There is no need to use eyes.

     D   The best way to travel is on foot.

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     A   See view with bird’s eyes.

     B   A bird looks at a beautiful view.

     C   It is a general view from a high position looking down.

     D   A scenic place.

VOCABULARY

Palaeolithic 舊石器時(shí)代的

Neolithic   新石器時(shí)代的

escalator   自動(dòng)電梯，自動(dòng)扶梯

ski-lift        載送滑雪者上坡的裝置

mar        損壞，毀壞

blur       模糊不清，朦朧

smear        涂，弄臟，弄模糊（尤指畫(huà)面、輪廓等）

evocative   引起回憶的，喚起感情的

El Dorado  (由當(dāng)時(shí)西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國(guó)，寶山，富庶之鄉(xiāng)

Kabul        喀布爾（阿富汗首都）

Irkutsk     伊爾庫(kù)茨克（原蘇聯(lián)亞洲城市）

 

難句譯注與答案詳解

 

The only way to travel is on foot  旅游的唯一方法是走路

難句譯注

Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.

【參考譯文】飛機(jī)旅行，你只可俯視世界――如果機(jī)翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。

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L1PITOR

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閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Shakespeare's Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare's World

Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and where he grew up. The property(房產(chǎn))remained in the ownership of

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Stand in the rooms-where Shakespeare grew up.

Discover examples of furniture and needle work from Shakespeare’s period.

Enjoy the traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)English garden, planted with trees and flowers mentioned in the poet’s works.

The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street(3 minutes’ walk).

The House may present difficulties but the Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible(可進(jìn)入的)to wheelchair user.

The Shakespeare Coffee House (opposite the Birthplace).

ADMISSION:

Adult ￡4.90

Child ￡2.20

Family ￡12.0

(2 adults +up to 3 children)

 

OPENING TIMES:

20 Mar to 19 Oct

Mon to Sat: 9:00am to 5:00pm

Sun:9:30am to 5:00pm

20 Oct to 19Mar

Mon to Sat:9:30am to 4:00pm

Sun:10:00am to 4:00pm

OPENING TIMES:

20 Mar to 19 Oct

Mon to Sat: 9:00am to 5:00pm

Sun:9:30am to 5:00pm

20 Oct to 19Mar

Mon to Sat:9:30am to 4:00pm

Sun:10:00am to 4:00pm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children?

A. ＄9.80 B.＄12.00 C.＄14.20 D.＄16.40

2. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace?

A. Behind the exhibition hall.

B. Opposite the Visitors’ Centre.

C. At Windsor street.

D. Near the Coffee House.

3. A wheelchair user may need help to enter .

A. the House B the garden C. the Visitor’s Centre D. the exhibition hall

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013-2014學(xué)年高考第二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)提分訓(xùn)練專(zhuān)題十四細(xì)節(jié)理解英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

The paper，published this March in Psychology and Aging，examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

Survey respondents (受訪者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10，among other questions.

The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction，while middle?aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older，however，were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would，the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，”wrote Frieder R．Lang，a professor at the University of Erlangen?Nuremberg.

Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (預(yù)防措施)，”the authors wrote.

Surprisingly，compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes，respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also，the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness，medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

However，the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood，individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic，to accurate，to pessimistic，”the authors concluded.

1.According to the study，who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

A．Optimistic adults.

B．Middle?aged adults.

C．Adults in poor health.

D．Adults of lower income.

2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.

A．to fully enjoy their present life

B．to estimate their contribution accurately

C．to take measures against potential risks

D．to value health more highly than wealth

3.How do people of higher income see their future?

A．They will earn less money.

B．They will become pessimistic.

C．They will suffer mental illness.

D．They will have less time to enjoy life.

4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?

A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

B．Good financial condition leads to good health.

C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

 

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