1.Vaccines are substances that help the body fight off diseases and illnesses.In the past they have helped save millions of lives around the world.
Diseases are often caused by bacteria or viruses that attack the human body.A vaccine is a dead or very weak form of such a virus.When you get a vaccination from your doctor the body it gets used to these weaker viruses and can produce antibodies which stay active for a long time.When the real virus or bacteria attack,the body becomes immune and can defend itself.
People can get their vaccinations in many forms.Very often the vaccine is injected into your body,but vaccines are also taken by mouth or are breathed in.
Although many vaccines protect you throughout your life,some provide immunity for only a certain time.Vaccines against the flu must be administered every year,because the flu virus can change or may appear in a different form.
Most people already have a certain amount of immunity in their bodies.It is passed to them from their mother.However,these antibodies do not protect a baby for a long time,so that many vaccines are given to infants in their first years
Some illnesses only occur in certain areas.If you travel,for example,to tropical regions,you should get vaccines to protect you from yellow fever,malaria or hepatitis.
Vaccines have virtually put an end to many diseases.Smallpox,for example,was once one of the world's most serious diseases,which killed millions every year.By the end of the 1970s smallpox had disappeared completely because nearly everyone was vaccinated.
The first vaccines were created towards the end of the 18th century.An English scientist,Edward Jenner,carried out experiments with cowpox,a milder form of smallpox.He found out that people who got cowpox rarely got ill from smallpox.In France,Louis Pasteur developed a weak form of rabies to protect people from dog bites.In the 20th century polio has been wiped out completely.
Today there are vaccines for many illnesses.The most common are the flu,cholera,the plague,hepatitis.
Although vaccination is widely available and a part of the regular health program in almost all industrial countries,there are still countries,especially in the Third World where people die of serious diseases.About three million children each year are killed by diseases that could have been prevented.In developing countries almost two thirds of all children are not vaccinated.The World Health Organization is fighting to provide vaccines for these children.
58.Which paragraph of the passage gives the principle of vaccines?B
A.Paragraph 1
B.Paragraph 2
C.Paragraph 3
D.Paragraph 4
59.Which is true according to the passage?D
A.One should receive all kinds of vaccines to stay fully healthy.
B.Those who have got smallpox will never suffer from cowpox.
C.Everyone all over the world can benefit greatly from vaccines.
D.People have become free from some illnesses due to vaccines.
60.Which of the following would be the proper title for the passage?B
A.Some Diseases Have Disappeared
B.Vaccines Protect Us from Diseases
C.You Should Develop Your Immunity
D.Poor Children Are in Need of Vaccines.
分析 疫苗可以幫助身體戰(zhàn)勝疾。恼轮饕鸵呙绲脑、如何獲得身體疫苗、例證疫苗對人類健康的貢獻進行了講述.
解答 58-60 BDB
58.B 細節(jié)題.題干意思是"文章哪個段落講述了疫苗的原理",根據(jù)第二段"When you get a vaccination from your doctor…"至結(jié)尾,所講的都是疫苗的原理.
59 D 細節(jié)題. 根據(jù)文中"Most people already have a certain amount of immunity in their bodies"和"Some illnesses only occur in certain areas.",可推知,不是所有的疫苗都要接種,則A錯誤;又根據(jù)"Smallpox,for example,was once one of the world's most serious diseases,which killed millions every year.By the end of the 1970s smallpox had disappeared completely because nearly everyone was vaccinated.",這部分內(nèi)容主要講的是因為幾乎人人接種了天花(smallpox)疫苗,到20世紀70年代,天花病完全消失了,并沒有講到B項的內(nèi)容,則B錯誤;此外,根據(jù)"In developing countries almost two thirds of all children are not vaccinated.The World Health Organization is fighting to provide vaccines for these children.",可知C錯誤;那么,根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容得知,D正確.
60 B 主旨大意題.根據(jù)文章的大意,重點講的是"疫苗"的知識,而A、C和D與此內(nèi)容不符,則B正確,符合文章的大意.
點評 做閱讀理解時要快速的瀏覽全文,把握文章主旨大意,帶著問題回到原文,尋找細節(jié)或概括相應(yīng)的答案,最后要理清作者寫作思路.