Alfred Korzybski believes that all human beings lead a kind of double life. First, people live in an internal (內(nèi)在的) world of ideas, feelings, etc. The happenings in this world are patterns of events in the human nervous system . Secondly , people live in a world outside their skins, the external(外在的)world of “reality”. The happenings in this world are patterns of events best known to science.

The first world, the patterns of events inside our skins, Korzybski called the INTEN- SIONAL areA．The second, the patterns of events outside our skins, he called the EXTEN- SIONAL area . Think for a moment about the two worlds in which you live. Look , for example, at the following diagram:

INTENSIONAL PATTERNS           EXTENSIONAL PATTERNS

“cat”                             An object we call “cat”.

The word "cat ".                        A pattern of physical and

The image of this cat.                    chemical events best

Ideas about cats.                        known to science.

Feelings about cats.

Physical tensions aroused

by the cat: the urge to

pick it up, to kick it, etc.

Thinking along these lines , Alfred Korzybski began to see what was wrong with the great number of people: they confused intensional events with extensional “reality”. He believed that too many people mistake the events in their own nervous systems for events in the outside world . When they get lost in a strange city , more often than not they are angry at the map they use. In fact, it’s the maps of words in their heads that are to blame.

1．According to Alfred Korzybski, we human beings live in__________.

    A．the world of ideas

    B．the world of reality

    C．either the world of ideas or that of reality

    D．both the world of ideas and that of reality

2．The INTENSIONAL area in the passage refers to the patterns of events__________.

       A．outside our skins                                  B．best known to science

       C．in the human nervous system          D．in the external world of reality

3．Which of the following belongs to EXTENSIONAL pattern?

       A．A computer on the shelf.               B．A computer is useful.

C．I like the computer.                    D．I want to buy the computer.

4．According to what Alfred Korzybski states in the last paragraph, you get lost because of _  .   

    A．the map you bring with you             B．the maps of words in your head

       C．the reality world before you                  D．the strange city you visit

練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年甘肅嘉峪關(guān)市一中高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解


The Weekly Radio Concert
Date / Time: Sept. 5th, 2010 10:30 (Sun.)
Venue(地點）: Shanghai Concert Hall
Ticket Price (RMB): 50, 40, 30 yuan
Ticket State: On Sale Now
Booking Office: No. 272 Fengxian Road
Booking Hotline: 62172426, 62173055
Conductor: Chen Shouchang
Programme
1. Jasmine  (Jiangsu folk song)  Arranged by Chen Dan
2. Under the Silver Light (Xinjiang folk song)  Arranged by Yang Hua
3. Wish good luck (Tibetan folk song)  Arranged by Shu Yong Gang
4. Arirang Theme and Variations (North Korean folk song)  Arranged by John Barnes Jones
5. No.5 Wind Suite (Various countries Dance)  Arranged by Alfred Reed               
Ⅰ. Square dance  (USA)
Ⅱ. Sarabande  (France)
Ⅲ. Yamabushi Kagura  (Japan)
Ⅳ. Hora  (Israel / Romania)
6. Red River Valley  (American / Canadian folk song)  Arranged by J. D. Proyhal
JAZZ STARS — Cantaloup Island
Date / Time: Sept. 8th, 2010 19:30 (Wed.)
Venue: Shanghai Concert Hall
Ticket Price (RMB): 80, 50 yuan
Ticket State: On Sale Now
Booking Office: No. 272 Fengxian Road
Booking Hotline: 62172426, 62173055
Performance: Shanghai Jazz Orchestra
【小題1】You can get the tickets for the two concerts ______.

A．in about one weekB．a(chǎn)t reduced prices
C．through the InternetD．by calling
【小題2】Which of the following will be arranged by John Barnes Jones?
A．A Jiangsu folk song.B．A Xinjiang folk song.
C．A foreign folk song.D．A Tibetan folk song.
【小題3】Sophie decides to buy two tickets for the second concert at a lower price. How much will she pay?
A．60 yuan.B．80 yuan.C．100 yuan.D．160 yuan.
【小題4】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The two concerts will start in the evening.
B．The two concerts will be held in different places.
C．Bob, a pop music lover, may go to the first concert.
D．Sam, a jazz music lover, may go to the second concert.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學(xué)年江西南昌三中高二上期第一次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.

Landscape(風(fēng)景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(攝影術(shù)) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.

Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.

Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.

1.The underlined word “poetry” most probably means __________.

A. an object for artistic creation                                    B. a collection of poems

C. an unusual quality                                                        D. a natural scene

2.Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because.

A. they are close in style to works in ancient times

B. they look like works by 19th-century painters

C. they draw attention to common things in life

D. they depend heavily on color photography

3. What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?

A. It will not be found in future works of art.

B. It does not have a long-lasting standard.

C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.

D. It is lacking in modern works of art.

4. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?

A. They express people's curiosity about the past.

B. They make people interested in everyday experience.

C. They are considered important for variety in form.

D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.

5. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. History of the arts.

B. Basic questions of the arts.

C. New developments in the arts.

D. Use of modern technology in the arts.

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省東莞市高一3月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空

A strange thing happened to me last Sunday. It was such a beautiful day that I decided to go for a  11  in the country. On the way back home，my car stopped. It was out of  12  on a lonely   road far from a town. I decided to walk until I found someone who could  13  me a gallon（加侖） or two of petrol. I had  14  almost a mile before I finally found a big house near the road. I was           15  to see it because it was starting to get dark. I  16  at the door and a little old lady with long white hair answered. She said, “I have been  17  for you a long time. Come in. Tea is almost ready.”

“But I only came for some petrol.” I answered. I couldn’t  18  what she was talking about.

“Oh, Alfred! Petrol? You used to  19  tea.”

I quickly  20  that I needed some petrol, but she didn’t seem to hear me. She just kept calling me Alfred and talking about how long it had been since she had seen me. She was acting very strangely and I was  21  to leave. As soon as she went to get tea, I went out of the house as fast as I could.  22  , there was another house down the road and I was able to buy several gallons of petrol. When I told the man about my  23 . He said,“Oh, that is Miss Emily. She lives by herself in that big house. She’s  24  but she wouldn’t hurt anyone. She is still waiting for the man she was supposed to marry thirty years ago. The day before their  25  he left home and never came back because of the war.”

1.                A．walk           B．holiday         C．drive D．picnic

 

2.                A．work           B．petrol          C．order    D．sight

 

3.                A．buy            B．borrow         C．sell  D．send

 

4.                A．rested         B．stopped        C．stepped  D．walked

 

5.                A．a(chǎn)mazed         B．pleased         C．surprised D．tired

 

6.                A．beat           B．stood          C．knocked  D．struck

 

7.                A．waiting         B．searching       C．longing   D．looking

 

8.                A．order          B．hear           C．imagine   D．remember

 

9.                A．like            B．have           C．drink D．make

 

10.               A．explained       B．realized        C．noticed   D．discovered

 

11.               A．excited         B．a(chǎn)nxious         C．worried   D．a(chǎn)mazed

 

12.               A．Fortunately     B．Lately          C．Immediately    D．Personally

 

13.               A．expression      B．idea           C．schedule  D．experience

 

14.               A．kind           B．funny          C．strange    D．a(chǎn)ngry

 

15.               A．marriage       B．journey        C．plan  D．wedding

 

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年重慶市高三上學(xué)期半期考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空

A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work. He may have the____36____ that he is not capable of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the ____37____ of his mental faculties(官能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of ____38_____ anything new because of their age.

A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real ____39_____ , because he feels that it ____40_____ be useless, he won’t go at a job with the confidence necessary for success, and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may____41_____ he is doing so. He is ____42_____ likely to fail, and the failure will ____43____ belief in his incompetence(無能). Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had a (an) ____44_____ like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor ____45____ in maths. His teacher told his ____46_____ he had no ability in maths in order that they would not ____47____ too much of him.____48_____he too accepted ____49_____ mistaken thinking of his ability, and he felt that it was useless to ____50____, and was very poor at maths, ____51____ as they expected.

One day he worked out a problem which ____52_____ of the other students had been able to solve. Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now ____53____ with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at ____54____. He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may ____55_____ himself as well as others by his ability.

1.                A．belief          B．way            C．fact  D．condition

 

2.                A．biggest         B．most           C．highest   D．deepest

 

3.                A．teaching        B．learning        C．a(chǎn)ccepting D．using

 

4.                A．decision        B．success         C．effort    D．trouble

 

5.                A．would          B．should          C．must D．could

 

6.                A．forget          B．think           C．guess D．understand

 

7.                A．nevertheless    B．moreover       C．however  D．therefore

 

8.                A．lead to         B．a(chǎn)dd to          C．take to   D．contribute to

 

9.                A．experience      B．example        C．thought   D．story

 

10.               A．state           B．mind           C．start  D．ending

 

11.               A．classmates      B．friends         C．neighbors  D．parents

 

12.               A．blame          B．expect         C．get   D．win

 

13.               A．Virtually        B．Gradually       C．Fortunately D．Especially

 

14.               A．it             B．her            C．its    D．their

 

15.               A．manage        B．succeed        C．try   D．a(chǎn)ct

 

16.               A．only           B．a(chǎn)lmost         C．just   D．nearly

 

17.               A．none          B．a(chǎn)ll             C．many D．most

 

18.               A．lived           B．worked         C．played    D．graduated

 

19.               A．1essons        B．medicine       C．subjects   D．maths

 

20.               A．encourage      B．love           C．a(chǎn)stonish   D．disappoint

 

 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年江西省高三第二次模擬突破沖刺英語卷（六）（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

 “Who is that?” When watching the movie, Silver Linings Playbook, at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September, the woman sitting next asked me.

It seemed to be a strange question. I wanted to ask if she ever saw a little movie called The Hunger Games, or the Oscar-nominated movie Winter’s Bone. Instead, I just answered, “Jennifer Lawrence.” But I wondered how a moviegoer does not recognize Lawrence! As Silver Linings Playbook continued to unfold and Lawrence revealed herself as a wonderful comic actress, it hit me: this woman probably has never seen Jennifer Lawrence smile before. That is the thing throwing her.

Audiences will have the opportunity to watch Lawrence’s performance in Silver Linings Playbook when the film opens in limited release before a Thanksgiving weekend blowout expansion. The 22-year-old actress heads this year’s lead actress Oscar race by a country mile. Here’s an early main list of some competitors in this category.

1. Jennifer Lawrence in Silver Linings Playbook

2. Quvenzhane Wallis in Beasts of the Southern Wild

3. Marion Cotillard in Rust and Bone

3. Helen Mirren in Hitchcock

5. Emmanuelle Riva in Amour

6. Jessica Chastain in Zero Dark Thirty

Chastain, playing a CIA agent in Kathryn Bigelow’s Zero Dark Thirty, is the wild card here and, quite possibly, the only candidate capable of replacing Lawrence from the top spot. The cruelty in Rust and Bone will put off sensitive academy members, making Cotillard lose chances for a second Oscar. Wallis makes for a wonderful story, but it is too early for her to be awarded a lead actress. Riva will need a push to win the nomination of lead actress.

Mirren, as the Alfred Hitchcock’s wife and unsung partner, Alma Reville, might pose the biggest threat to Lawrence. Older academy members will love the historical Hollywood seen in Hitchcock, and Mirren’s role as the unsung wind beneath Hitch’s wings should find appreciation within creative circles. It’s not “The Queen”. but this year, it might be enough.

1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce Silver Linings Playbook

B．To get us out of the topic.

C．To tell us a specific story

D．To bring out the topic of the passage

2. The underlined sentence implies that    ?

A．Jennifer Lawrence doesn’t like smile.

B．Jennifer Lawrence’s smile can impress you all greatly.

C．The woman has never seen comic films featured by Jennifer Lawrence.

D．The woman hates to see Jennifer Lawrence’s films.

3. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?

A．Cotillard once won the best actress Oscar.

B．Jennifer Lawrence was nominated because of The Hunger Games.

C．Mirren is the only one who can take the place of Jennifer Lawrence.

D．We cannot see the film Silver Linings Playbook before Thanksgiving.

4.According to the last two paragraphs, who are likely to replace Jennifer Lawrence to become the best actress?

a.Quvenzhane Wallis    b.Marion Cotillard       c.Helen Mirren

d.Emmanuelle Riva     e. Jessica Chastain       f. Alma Reville

A．c, e              B．a(chǎn) ,c ,f             C．d, f              D．c, e, f

5.The most suitable title of the passage is    ?

A．Silver Linings Playbook, the best movie

B．A 22-year-old actress

C．My favorite movie

D．Jennifer Lawrence takes the lead

 

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案