【題目】根據(jù)短文理解，選擇正確答案。
Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn't it?
While such vigilant(警覺(jué)的) tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it's important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies(活檢) and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients' remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained(根深蒂固的) that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.
It's hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(預(yù)期壽命).
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening—especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.
It's not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational(合理的) use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”
That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.
（1）Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?
A.It is believed to contribute to long life.
B.It is part of their health care package.
C.The elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D.The elderly are in greater danger of tumor(腫瘤) growth.
（2）How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?
A.It adds too much to their medical bills.
B.It helps increase their life expectancy.
C.They are doubtful about necessity.
D.They think it does more than good.
（3）What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?
A.It applies to women over 50.
B.It is a must for adult women.
C.It is optional for young women.
D.It doesn't apply to women over 74.
（4）Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?
A.They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
B.They want to take advantage of the medical care system.
C.They want data for medical research.
D.They want their patients to suffer less.

【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇議論文，隨著年紀(jì)的增大，患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也急劇增加，因此老年人定期進(jìn)行癌癥篩查成為一種根深蒂固的觀念，但研究人員質(zhì)疑這些測(cè)試是否必要，其實(shí)很多測(cè)試是醫(yī)生用來(lái)保護(hù)自己而讓患者做的。

⑴考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”O(jiān)ur risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn't it.“可知，隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，我們患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)急劇增加。因此老年人應(yīng)該進(jìn)行常規(guī)檢查以防腫瘤是有道理的。故選D。

⑵考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的”While such vigilant(警覺(jué)的) tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly.“可知，盡管總的來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)癌癥這樣警覺(jué)是好事，但研究者們?cè)絹?lái)越質(zhì)疑對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，所有這些測(cè)試是否必要。故選C。

⑶考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的”But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained“可知，每個(gè)人必須檢查防癌的這個(gè)想法是如此根深蒂固，所以B項(xiàng)“對(duì)于成年女性這是必須的”是女性乳腺癌篩查的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)。故選B。

⑷考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的”Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves.“可知，許多醫(yī)生讓進(jìn)行這么多測(cè)試純粹是為了保護(hù)自己。cover對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的protect，是“保護(hù)”的意思。故選A。

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