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5.A hundred years ago on Monday,a once-mighty species became extinct.At the Cincinnati Zoo,a passenger pigeon named Martha died at the age of 29.
It was a quiet end to a noisy species.As recently as the mid-1800s,billions of passenger pigeons swarmed across the eastern half of the United States.But they proved no match for humans,whose rapidly advancing technology drove the birds to extinction in a matter of decades.Other species were also spiraling toward extinction in the late 1800s,but the destruction of the passenger pigeon happened on full public display."It became the icon (標志) of extinction."
A hundred years later,the passenger pigeon remains iconic.In 2012,a group of scientists launched a project now named the Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback to create cloned passenger pigeons-or at least birds genetically engineered to have passenger pigeon features.Two years later,project scientists are still hard at work.But they can't say when-or even if-the bird will fly again.
Nor has anyone ever cloned a bird,so every step in the plan will take the project scientists into unknown scientific territory to give rise to a passenger pigeon.Extracting an undamaged passenger pigeon gene from museum specimens (樣本) seems impossible.Novak and his colleagues are hoping to reconstruct the gene of the band-tailed pigeons,the closest living relatives of passenger pigeons,which live in the western United States.
Even if the scientists end up with some passenger pigeon chicks in a few years,they will still be a long way from successfully reestablishing the species.However,people today can learn many lessons in its disappearance and apply it to protecting threatened species today

28.The underlined word"spiraling"in the second paragraph meansB.
A.circling at a lower speed                  
B.declining sharply
B.marching forward fast                    
D.increasing gradually
29.The project Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback is intended toD.
A,reintroduce passenger pigeons to America
B.experiment with cloning technology
C.protect the endangered band-tailed pigeons
D.recreate an extinct bird species
30.Which of the following are the difficulties of carrying out the project?C
a.They couldn't find an undamaged gene of the species.
b.Cloning a bird is a completely new thing.
c.The museum refused to provide the sample of the bird.
d.They can't get the closest relative of the passenger pigeon.
e.There is no previous experience to rely on.
A.a,b,c       
B.b,c,d        
C.a,b,e          
D.c,d,e
31.What does the author think of the efforts the scientists are making?A
A.It is well worth having such a try.
B.They can hardly achieve their goal.
C.They are only steps away from success.
D.It is meaningless for the species protection.

分析 本文主要講述了一百年前因為科技的迅速發(fā)展,導致了旅鴿和其他物種的滅絕,現在科學家們正在研究如何克隆已經滅絕的旅鴿.由于以前從來沒有克隆鳥類的先例,所以這是一個全新的實驗,沒有任何經驗可以借鑒,因此克隆的這條路還很長.然而今天的人們可以從中得到教訓,并把它應用于保護瀕危物種.

解答 28.B 詞義猜測題.根據第二段But they proved no match for humans,whose rapidly advancing technology drove the birds to extinction in a matter of decades.可知迅速發(fā)展的技術使鳥類瀕臨滅亡.而這個詞前面的"also"表明其它物種也是如此,所以這個詞的意思是"數量驟減",故選B.
29.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據第三段In 2012,a group of scientists launched a project now named the Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback to create cloned passenger pigeons-or at least birds genetically engineered to have passenger pigeon features.可知他們的目的是為了克隆已經滅絕的旅鴿,故選D.
30.C 細節(jié)理解題.根據第四段Nor has anyone ever cloned a bird,so every step in the plan will take the project scientists into unknown scientific territory to give rise to a passenger pigeon.Extracting an undamaged passenger pigeon gene from museum specimens (樣本) seems impossible.可知以前從來沒有克隆鳥類的先例,所以這是一個全新的實驗,沒有任何經驗可以借鑒,而且他們也無法從博物館的樣本中提取完整的基因,故選C.
31.A 推理判斷題.根據最后一段However,people today can learn many lessons in its disappearance and apply it to protecting threatened species today.可知人們可以從旅鴿的滅絕中得到教訓,并把它應用于保護瀕危物種,所以這個實驗是值得的,故選A.

點評 本文考察學生的理解推斷能力以及細心程度,只要抓住文章的關鍵詞,采用尋讀的方法查找細節(jié),就能找到正確答案.

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

14.One of the most important recent medical breakthroughs has been the impact of gut flora(腸道菌群)on overall health.This dynamic mix of bacteria in the digestive tract(消化道)may affect everything from obesity to asthma(哮喘).
The Gut-Mood Link
Anyone who's ever experienced"butterflies"in his or her stomach knows that the gut and the brain are connected.But until recently,scientists hadn't realized that the trillions of bacteria in our digestive tract may be driving the relationship.
One recent experiment suggests that you can control calm.Canadian researchers gave healthy mice a mixture of antibiotics,which change the makeup of GI-tract(胃腸道)bacteria.Over two weeks,some animals became more anxious and some less,depending on which drugs they received.
In another study,when gut bacteria from calm mice were transferred to anxious mice,the jittery(緊張的)creatures seemed less nervous.
UCLA professor Kirsten Tillisch,doctor of medicine,recently had healthy women eat a yogurt rich in certain types of"good"probiotic(益生菌的)bacteria.Two'Control groups ate yogurt without such bacteria or ate nothing.Brain scans of the probiotic-yogurt eaters indicated changes in regions that could be associated with a less-anxious response in fearful or stressful situations compared with the control groups.
Scientists are even exploring whether gut microbes(微生物)might treat some brain disorders.
A new study in Cell found that mice with features of autism(自ICJ癥)given a type of bacteria in healthy human GI tracts exhibited less autism-like behavior.In a recent case report,a Boston ps} chiatrist says a course of certain probiotics and antibiotics helped relieve a patient's compulsive disorder.
-We tend to focus on how your mood affects your body from the top down,not the bottom up,"says Dr.Tillisch."Now we know that the gut affects how your brain responds to the environment-it's a remarkable change in thinking."
How Bacteria Talk to the Brain
Scientists aren't sure how gut flora affect brain chemistry.One theory is that the bacteria access pathways along the nerve,the main highway in the nervous system that links the brain to the gut.
Another is that the bacteria influence the immune system,releasing chemicals that affect conditions like depression.Finally,researchers believe that bacteria produce or affect the metabolism(新陳代'i) of chemicals,which change brain function.
Dr.Tillisch told me that patients always ask which probiotics will lift their mood.Her answer:
"We don't know yet,but we hope to one day."In the future,patients might receive probiotics or transplant(移植) in which bacteria from the gut of a healthy person are transferred to the gut of a sic':one-to prevent or treat mental health issues.But these approaches are years away from primary time.Until then,a diet rich in fruit and veggies helps cultivate(培養(yǎng))better-balanced microbes than a typical Western diet high in animal and processed products.Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics,particularly in early childhood,may also establish healthier gut bacteria.

63.According to the passage,gut bacteria might help us in many ways EXCEPTD.
A.lightening our mood 
B.treating autism
C.relieving depression 
D.transplanting gut flora
64.The missing sentence"Everyday foods may also affect the composition of gut bacteria,and in turn,brain chemistry."could be put beforeC•
A.Paragraph 2   B.Paragraph 3   C.Paragraph 4   D.Paragraph 5
65.Which of the following can be the best subtitle for the last paragraph?A
A.Cultivating a Happier Gut B.Growing Bacteria in the Future
C.Balancing Microbes and Diet D.Living a Happy Healthy Life.

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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

7.Climate change could affect food supplies,water resources,human health and homes.
If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate,global temperature is expected to rise between 2°C and 6°C by 2100.This doesn't sound much,but a 5°C change is the difference between the current warm period and an ice age.
Global warming leads to other changes in the climate:melting ice,more evaporation(蒸發(fā)),changes in geographical patterns of rainfall,heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells,more frequent heat waves,more intense hurricanes,and sea level rise.
These changes could affect crop growth as drought,increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers(冰川)disrupt water supply.Some crops could suffer heat stress.While there may be benefits in some regions,overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies.The impacts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world.A global temperature rise of 1-2°C is expected to increase food production in some regions,particularly mid-latitude areas.But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields.A temperature rise of 3°C or more could threaten global food resources,as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall.
Freshwater resources could also diminish,especially in tropical regions,as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up.Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers disappear,while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding,leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera(霍亂)becoming more widespread.
Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts-both positive and negative.On the negative side,scientists anticipate more cases of malnutrition,heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera.Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia,overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health.
Scientists also expect damage to homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes,heavier rainfall and rising sea levels.Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world,owing to a combination of heavier rainfall,rising sea levels and increased storm damage.Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires.
The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.

67.With global temperature increased by 1-2°C,D.
A.crops yields could be increased in tropical regions
B.food production could rise throughout the world
C.chances are that food resources would be threatened overall
D.mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts
68.The underlined word"hypothermia"in Paragraph 6 possibly means a serious medical condition caused byA.
A.lower temperature than normal       
B.higher temperature than normal
C.more cases of malnutrition               
D.cases of waterborne diseases
69.According to the passage,climate change has both positive and negative effects onC.
A.food supplies and buildings         
B.freshwater resources and homes
C.human health and food supplies      
D.human health and homes
70.The passage is mainly meant to tell usB.
A.how global warming leads to changes in the climate
B.how climate change affects people worldwide 
C.why climate change affects our crop growth
D.why climate change contributes to all bad results.

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