【題目】There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the Antarctic. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social conduct.

In groups that vary in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.

In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.

United and devoted, these little animals have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.

【1】We can learn from the passage that ants are__________.

A. unwilling to share food

B. more successful than mankind

C. not used to living in cold environment.

D. too many to achieve any organization.

【2】Ants can use pheromones for __________.

A. tasting food B. communication

C. warning enemies D. arranging labor

【3】What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Help out. B. Give in to.

C. Show favor to. D. Fight against.

【4】Ants have survived for so long mainly because of ____________.

A. their social cooperation.

B. their large group size.

C. their fearless attack.

D. their individual intelligence.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

試題分析: 文章主要講的是螞蟻。單個的螞蟻顯得微不足道，但成群結(jié)隊(duì)的螞蟻卻蘊(yùn)含著巨大的力量。螞蟻的數(shù)量之眾，加起來可以與人類的重量相媲美。螞蟻分布極為廣泛，除了寒冷的山頂和兩極地區(qū)，幾乎到處都有它們的蹤影。

【1】C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子“They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.”可知我們在極地周圍是找不到螞蟻的，故選C項(xiàng)。

【2】B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的句子“Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.”可知螞蟻可以用外激素來交流，故選B項(xiàng)。

【3】D考查詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子“They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,”可知螞蟻打仗的時候是無畏的，將準(zhǔn)備和比它們大得多的動物斗爭。take on和fight against意思相近，故選D項(xiàng)。

【4】A 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子“Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs.”可知螞蟻的生存主要是因?yàn)樗鼈?/span>無私奉獻(xiàn)的精神，故選A項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn) ：科普類閱讀。

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