Question

【題目】Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感覺) of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist (心理學(xué)家) John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception (感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable (能干的). Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses (假設(shè)), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly (抽象的),” says Bargh.

【1】According to Paragraph I，a person’s emotion may be affected by ________.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness

D. the things he has bought online

【2】In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _________.

A. judge someone’s personality

B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively (有選擇地)

【3】We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C. physical temperature affects how we see others

D. capable persons are often cold to others

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】C

【解析】科學(xué)家通過試驗(yàn)證明，在人際交往中，人們能從對(duì)方哪怕端來一杯水中感受到對(duì)方的溫暖或冷淡，因此，在人際交往中，我們要用關(guān)心去溫暖對(duì)方。

【1】C

考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中The physical sensation (感覺) of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions可知，一個(gè)人的情感可能會(huì)受到他身體上寒冷的感覺的影響。故選C。

【2】A

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description.可知，在Bargh的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，學(xué)生們被要求評(píng)判某人的個(gè)性。故選A。

【3】C

考查推理判斷。第一段說，身體能感受到的溫暖能激起情緒上的溫暖的感覺。由此判斷C項(xiàng)陳述正確。