"Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise." said Dr．Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body．While here's no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you're able to rise to the occasion can be good for you．

In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with （設(shè)法處理） the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn't get the job done．

Stress that you can manage may also boost immune（免疫的）function．In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences．In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome．In the second, they weren't in control: They had to sit through a gory（血淋淋的） video on surgical procedures．Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that's the body's first line of defense against germs, The video-watchers experienced a downtum in the antibody．

Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones（荷爾蒙）. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function．"They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage," says Dr．Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York．But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain．

"Sustained stress is not good for you," says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity（長壽）, "It's the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective．"

1．The passage is mainly about        .

      A．the benefits ofmanageable stress

       B．how to avoid stressful situations

      C．how to cope with stress effectively

      D．the effects of stress hormones on memory

2．The underlined word "shun" （Line l, Para．l） most probably means        .

       A．cut down on                                       B．stay away from

       C．run out of                                           D．put up with

3．We can conclude from the study ofthe 158 nurses in 2001 that         .

       A．people under stress tend to have a poor memory

       B．people who can't get theirjob done experience more stress

       C．doing challenging work may be good for one's health

       D．stress will weaken the body's defense against germs

4．Dr．Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that       .

       A．a(chǎn) person's memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body

       B．stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain

       C．short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function

       D．a(chǎn) person's memory improves with continued experience of stress

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Sir Richard Branson today offered a $ 25,000,000 prize for scientists who find a way to save the planet from the effects of climate change.

Supported by the former US vice-president A1 Gore and other environmentalists, the boss of Virgin Atlantic airlines called for scientists to come up with a way to take greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.

“What we are doing is making sure we get the most carbon dioxide-friendly planes. We promise that 100% of profits we make from our transportation business are put into things like the prize we've offered today. We shall convince people that we are facing a threat which is urgent and there’s no superhero. We have no hope of a meaningful solution unless we find a way to work together.” he said.

Mr Gore said global warming was man-made and was like to the planet suffering from a “fever”. He said, "Humans had slipped into a way of thinking that was centered on ‘short term satisfaction’, and now meet the challenge of ‘transforming ourselves and changing the structures of everything we do’," he said.

Reacting to the launch of the prize, Tony Jupiter, the Friends of the Earth's director, warned against wasting time waiting for new inventions. He said, "Sir Richard' s initiative (初衷) may encourage inventors to develop a wonder technology to deal with carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. But many of the ways, such as energy efficiency and renewables, already exist, and it is essential that these be put into practice as soon as possible. Moreover, Sir Richard must also look at his business activities and the contribution they make to climate change. The world will find it very difficult to settle climate change if air travel continues to expand and space tourism is developed."

40. Sir Richard Branson is ________.

   A. a scientist concerned for climate change

   B. a businessman working for A1 Gore

   C. the boss of Virgin Atlantic airlines

   D. the director of the Friends of the Earth

41. The purpose of using A1 Gore' s quotation was to_______。

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    B. compare global warming to an Earth's fever

    C. show how serious and urgent the problem is

    D. call for more attention to the launch of the prize

42. What is file main idea of the passage?

    A. It is important for people to save our planet.

    B. Humans are to blame for causing climate change.

    C. Scientists are trying to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

    D. A prize was offered for solutions to global warming.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart form other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which from different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.

Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies. The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such nonindustrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule(時間表) based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar(日歷), but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event. Frequently such a society measures days in terms of "sleeps" or longer periods in terms of "moons". Some cultures, such as the Eskimos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration(遷徙) of certain animals.

Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of "telling time". For example, when several Australian aborigines(土著居民) want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.

In contrast(成對比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently (well, quickly and without waste),for example, all of the workers must work at the same time. Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated (復(fù)雜的) societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.

By saying "Humans are social animals",the author means________.

A. they live all over the world

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C. they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole

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D. don't need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule

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A. the change of the sun rays            B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun

C. the position of the stone             D. the position of the tree or the cliff

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart form other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which from different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.

Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies. The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such nonindustrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule(時間表) based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar(日歷), but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event. Frequently such a society measures days in terms of "sleeps" or longer periods in terms of "moons". Some cultures, such as the Eskimos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration(遷徙) of certain animals.

Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of "telling time". For example, when several Australian aborigines(土著居民) want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.

In contrast(成對比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently (well, quickly and without waste),for example, all of the workers must work at the same time. Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated (復(fù)雜的) societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.

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A. they live all over the world

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D. they are divided into many groups

8. Time is not very important in non-industrial societies, because peoplein those societies________.

A. don't have the word TIME in their languages

B. don't get used to using clocks and other timepieces

C. don't measure time in their daily lives around an exact time schedule

D. don't need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule

9. The Australian aborigines' way of"telling time" is based on________.

A. the change of the sun rays

B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun

C. the position of the stone

D. the position of the tree or the cliff

10. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A. Time and Culture

B. The Measurment of Time

C. Time Schedule and Daily Life

D. Clock,Calendar and Society

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

B

Sir Richard Branson today offered a $ 25,000,000 prize for scientists who find a way to save the planet from the effects of climate change.

Supported by the former US vice-president A1 Gore and other environmentalists, the boss of Virgin Atlantic airlines called for scientists to come up with a way to take greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.

“What we are doing is making sure we get the most carbon dioxide-friendly planes. We promise that 100% of profits we make from our transportation business are put into things like the prize we've offered today. We shall convince people that we are facing a threat which is urgent and there’s no superhero. We have no hope of a meaningful solution unless we find a way to work together.” he said.

Mr Gore said global warming was man-made and was like to the planet suffering from a “fever”. He said, "Humans had slipped into a way of thinking that was centered on ‘short term satisfaction’, and now meet the challenge of ‘transforming ourselves and changing the structures of everything we do’," he said.

Reacting to the launch of the prize, Tony Jupiter, the Friends of the Earth's director, warned against wasting time waiting for new inventions. He said, "Sir Richard' s initiative (初衷) may encourage inventors to develop a wonder technology to deal with carbon dioxide of the atmosphere. But many of the ways, such as energy efficiency and renewables, already exist, and it is essential that these be put into practice as soon as possible. Moreover, Sir Richard must also look at his business activities and the contribution they make to climate change. The world will find it very difficult to settle climate change if air travel continues to expand and space tourism is developed."

40. Sir Richard Branson is ________.

   A. a scientist concerned for climate change  B. a businessman working for A1 Gore

   C. the boss of Virgin Atlantic airlines      D. the director of the Friends of the Earth

41. The purpose of using A1 Gore' s quotation was to_______。

    A. ask people to change the way of thinking

    B. compare global warming to an Earth's fever

    C. show how serious and urgent the problem is

    D. call for more attention to the launch of the prize

42. What is file main idea of the passage?

    A. It is important for people to save our planet.

    B. Humans are to blame for causing climate change.

    C. Scientists are trying to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

    D. A prize was offered for solutions to global warming.

43. How was Tony Jupiter’s attitude to space tourism?

A. Negative.     B. Positive.     C. Optimistic.      D. Neutral (中立).

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