［選修1：歷史上重大改革回眸］（15分）

材料 1978年底，安徽省鳳陽縣小崗村18戶農(nóng)民為擺脫貧困，暗中自發(fā)將集體耕地包干到戶。1979年2月，中共安徽省委召開會(huì)議，決定在肥西縣山南公社進(jìn)行包產(chǎn)到戶試點(diǎn)，指出：許多干部一講到包產(chǎn)到戶，就心有余悸，可以說談“包”色變，但農(nóng)民普遍希望包產(chǎn)到戶，這是矛盾，必須要在實(shí)踐中加以檢驗(yàn)。會(huì)議強(qiáng)調(diào)試點(diǎn)不宣傳、不報(bào)道、不推廣。1979年9月，中共中央下發(fā)文件，認(rèn)為因某些副業(yè)生產(chǎn)的特殊需要和邊遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)、交通不便的單家獨(dú)戶可以實(shí)行包產(chǎn)到戶，一般不加以提倡。1980年9月，中央下發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)和完善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制的幾個(gè)問題》，指出：“在生產(chǎn)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下實(shí)行的包產(chǎn)到戶是依存于社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)，而不會(huì)脫離社會(huì)主義軌道的，沒有什么復(fù)辟資本主義的危險(xiǎn)�！�1982年9月，中共“十二大”對(duì)以包產(chǎn)到戶為主要形式的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制改革予以肯定，包產(chǎn)到戶在農(nóng)村迅速推廣。1980年11月，全國農(nóng)村實(shí)行包產(chǎn)到戶的生產(chǎn)隊(duì)為15％；到1983年初，這一比例達(dá)到93％。

——摘編自胡繩主編《中國共產(chǎn)黨的七十年》等

（1）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，概括人們“談‘包’色變”的主要原因。（6分）

（2）根據(jù)材料并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，說明農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制改革推進(jìn)的特點(diǎn)及改革的意義。（9分）

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