Question

Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.

51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _________.

A. far from the historical facts     B. based on the Russian history

C. based on his selection of facts   D. not related to historical details

52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________.

A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept

C. the Russians stopped his military movement

D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with

53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?

A. To walk out of the room in anger.   B. To show agreement with him.

C. To say something about the Tsar.    D. To express his admiration.

54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________.

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests   B. fond of showing off his iron will

C. determined in destroying all of Europe       D. crazy for power and respect

55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.

B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.

C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.

D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

Answer 1

 CADDA

拿破侖，托爾斯泰作品《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》的一個(gè)角色，不止一次被描述為有“一雙又粗又短的手”。他甚至“在馬背上也坐不穩(wěn)”。在作者筆下，他是個(gè)腿短，肥腰的小個(gè)子。本文要探討的問題不在于托爾斯泰對(duì)拿破侖的描述的準(zhǔn)確性（這些描述似乎并不會(huì)很偏離歷史記載），而在于他挑選怎樣的事實(shí)來描述：關(guān)于拿破侖有不少的東西可以說的作者卻不說。(1)作者是想讓我們了解在這個(gè)肥胖，矮小的法國(guó)人身上體現(xiàn)出的一個(gè)作戰(zhàn)指揮家的不同之處。托爾斯泰筆下的拿破侖貌似平凡，和街上閑逛著的嘴里銜著煙的任何一個(gè)人沒什么兩樣——這才是本文的要點(diǎn)。

這就是托爾斯泰向讀者展示一個(gè)角色的品性的一種手法。以托爾斯泰的觀點(diǎn)，拿破侖被證明是個(gè)狂人。(4)在《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》第三篇的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景中，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了關(guān)鍵的1812年，拿破侖接待了一名沙皇派來的代表。該代表帶著和平條款前來。拿破侖為此勃然大怒：難道他（沙皇）有更多的軍隊(duì)？應(yīng)該是他（拿破侖），而不應(yīng)該是沙皇，來制定這些和平條款。(2)如果將沙皇的軍隊(duì)遏止下來，他會(huì)摧毀整個(gè)歐洲。“這就是和我作戰(zhàn)你們將得到的下場(chǎng)�！彼�大喊道。這時(shí)，托爾斯泰就寫道，拿破侖“在屋子里來來回回的踱步，一聲不吭。厚實(shí)的雙肩在不停的晃動(dòng)著�！�

隨后，在歡呼的人群的簇?fù)硐�，拿破侖領(lǐng)著沙皇的代表一同檢閱了他的部隊(duì)，他邀請(qǐng)這名已經(jīng)嚇得魂飛魄散的俄羅斯人共進(jìn)晚餐�！八�的手伸向那個(gè)俄國(guó)人的。。。臉那里，”托爾斯泰寫道，“用手輕輕的扯住他的耳朵�！北换实圻@樣扯耳朵被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)時(shí)最高的榮譽(yù)，在法國(guó)的宮廷里面這是受寵的標(biāo)志�！昂�，好，你是不是有些東西要講呢？”拿破侖問道，似乎如果有他拿破侖在場(chǎng)你不對(duì)他，而是對(duì)其他任何一個(gè)人表示尊重的話，是很荒唐的事。(3)

托爾斯泰雖然確有做過調(diào)查，但是文章怎么寫就是他的事了。(5)

△     重點(diǎn)單詞或短語(yǔ)：

Character→角色，人物

Undersized→不夠尺寸的，矮小的

Be meant to do sth.→be supposed /expected to do sth被期望做某事/理應(yīng)做某事

Moral  nature→品性名詞  道德的 形容詞

Critical①關(guān)鍵的②批判的（在文中意思應(yīng)為①）

Engage→involve使……卷入  engage in 參加，從事，忙于

Amid prep.→among

Ridiculous  adj.荒誕，滑稽的，可笑的，愚蠢的

Composition 作文，作品

Shake-shook- shaken 發(fā)抖，哆嗦，戰(zhàn)栗

French court 法國(guó)法庭，法國(guó)宮廷

Terms在此意為“條件，條款”，常見的短語(yǔ)有：“come to terms with sb”：和某人達(dá)成協(xié)議。Terms 還有“關(guān)系，友誼”的意思，如“be on （good/friendly，bad）terms with sb”和某人交情很好/不好。

另外，“term”還有①學(xué)期，②期限：for a term of four years ③術(shù)語(yǔ)之意

△復(fù)雜句子：第一題 D

①The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said.

“—”在此表示“解釋說明” “it”就是指代前面的“Tolstoy’s description”，

 我們?cè)囍�做如下分析：先分析“but”前面的句子，“issue”作名詞，在此應(yīng)譯為“問題，關(guān)鍵”。此句相當(dāng)于“The point/thing here is…”接下來我們看到“that”一詞，它是不是作代詞呢？不像是。英語(yǔ)中單詞一詞多義的現(xiàn)象非常普遍，觀察“that”后所接的單詞不難發(fā)現(xiàn)“that”在此起著“副詞”的功效，應(yīng)譯為“so” “如此”的意思。譯：這里要討論的關(guān)鍵并不是托爾斯泰對(duì)拿破侖形象描述的準(zhǔn)確性—這一點(diǎn)和史實(shí)記載相差不大）。

 分析“but”后接的句子。在此的冒號(hào)應(yīng)該也表示“解釋說明”，后面的“that”是起什么作用的呢？通過引導(dǎo)，可以知道“that”在此充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。（譯：然而托爾斯泰對(duì)其它有關(guān)拿破侖史實(shí)的再創(chuàng)作可以說是聞所未聞的）。

（查查“that”的用法， 對(duì)“that”有一個(gè)更全面的了解。）

試分析：It is said that that was all that that boy had said.

                     ①   ②          ③   ④

分析該句中出現(xiàn)的4個(gè)“that”的不同含義,體味到英語(yǔ)也可以像“理科”一樣奧妙無窮。

 （參考答案：①that為連接詞，在此處引導(dǎo)“it” 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句，沒有含義，但一般不省略；②that為指示代詞，譯為“那，那個(gè)” ；③that為關(guān)系代詞，先行詞為all 只能用that，且此處的在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)；④that充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的作用，修飾“boy” 。整句話譯為：據(jù)說那些都是那個(gè)男孩之前所說過的。）

B. based on his selection 選擇of factsD. not related to 涉及，關(guān)系到historical details

 ②To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court.

成分分析：此句，不定式作主語(yǔ)，have one’s ear pulled用了結(jié)構(gòu)，“have sth done”,

“favour”聯(lián)系前后文，它應(yīng)與“honor”意思差不多。

譯：在法國(guó)宮廷，皇帝把一個(gè)人的耳朵拽過來，（這種舉動(dòng)）被認(rèn)為是最高尚的榮耀和受寵幸的表現(xiàn)。

△    有用的句型：

 “And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man.”

 “turns out”意為結(jié)果是，原來是，前“it”在句中作形式主語(yǔ)�！癮s Tolstoy has it”，做插入語(yǔ)，譯為“正如托爾斯泰所描述的”，“that”后的句子才是真正的主語(yǔ)。

總結(jié)：“It turns out that＋clause” “結(jié)果，原來……”

 第二題D“He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms.”拿破侖認(rèn)為俄國(guó)根本沒有資格提出求和的要求，只有他自己才占有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的絕對(duì)主導(dǎo)地位。

D. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

 第三題A.第二段提到俄國(guó)使節(jié)帶著和平條約而來使拿破侖龍顏大怒，王者尊嚴(yán)受損，所以緊接著第三段拿破侖首先讓使節(jié)見識(shí)了法國(guó)軍隊(duì)的威儀，然后用餐時(shí)又假作向使者施以恩寵。通過這些描寫可知答案應(yīng)為AA. To express his admiration.敬佩，欣賞

 第四題A.三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是本篇文章所反映的拿破侖的幾個(gè)側(cè)面。而A則較全面的概括了拿破侖對(duì)“權(quán)力和尊重”充滿欲望的特點(diǎn)。Tolstoy intended to打算做，想要做 present Napoleon as a man who is _________.

A. crazy for power and respect權(quán)利與尊重B. fond of showing off his iron will喜歡向人展示他的鋼鐵意識(shí)C. determined in destroying all of Europe下決心毀滅整個(gè)歐洲D(zhuǎn). ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests對(duì)待外國(guó)客人態(tài)度惡劣（態(tài)度粗劣的，粗野的） 第五題B句義理解題，這句話不難理解，（托爾斯泰對(duì)拿破侖進(jìn)行了研究，但他寫出的作品卻是他獨(dú)有的）“A,C” 兩項(xiàng)否定了“did his research” “D”項(xiàng)否定了“the composition is his own”。文章的最后一句話告訴讀者：“即使調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)史實(shí)是這樣，但作者也不需要原原本本的照搬事實(shí)來進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，他/她可以有所創(chuàng)新”

What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A.A writer may write about a hero in his own way.作者可以按照他自己的方式寫英雄人物B.A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. 托爾斯泰對(duì)拿破侖進(jìn)行了研究，但他寫出的作品卻是他獨(dú)有的 C.A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.作者可以對(duì)他寫的作品不負(fù)任何責(zé)任D.A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.作者沒有自由按照自己意愿表達(dá)感情