At night, bats fly through the air, catching hundreds of insects and other small animals. But during the day, they hardly move at all. Instead, bats pass the time hanging upside down from a secret spot.

There are a couple of reasons why bats rest this way. First of all, it puts them in a position for takeoff. Unlike birds, bats can’t fly into the air from the ground. Their wings don’t produce enough lift to take off from a dead stop, and their hind legs are so small and underdeveloped that they can’t run to build up the necessary takeoff speed. Instead, they use their front claws to climb to a high spot, and then fall into flight.

During the hours when most enemies are active, bats gather where few animals would think to look and most can’t reach. This allows them to disappear from the world until night comes again. There’s also little competition for these resting spots, as other flying animals don’t have the ability to hang upside down. Bats have a unique physiological adaptation that lets them hang around this way without using any energy. For you to hold your fist around an object tight, you contract(緊縮) several muscles in your arm, which are connected to your fingers by tendons(腱)；as one muscle contracts, it pulls a tendon, which pulls one of your fingers closed. A bat’s talons(爪) close in the same way, except that their tendons are connected only to the upper body, not to a muscle. To hang upside down, a bat pulls its claws open with other muscles. To get the talons to take hold of the surface, the bat simply lets its body relax. The weight of the upper body pulls down on the tendons connected to the talons, causing them to hold tight. Therefore, the bat doesn’t have to do anything to hang upside down.

1.Bats hang upside down because________.

A. they haven’t developed a pair of strong claws

B. they can’t start to fly from the ground directly

C. they have no hind legs to support their body

D. they can’t find quiet places to stay during the day

2.The third paragraph tells us that bats’ hanging upside down_______.

A. is to save their energy for night movement

B. is a way to fight against flying animals

C. is a great way to hide from danger

D. is a skill to compete for the flying places

3.Why can bats hang upside down easily?

A. Because their upper body is light.

B. Because they have strong muscles.

C. Because their talons are linked to muscles tightly.

D. Because their tendons are linked to their upper body.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. The living habits of bats.

B. How and why bats hang upside down.

C. The importance of bats’ hanging upside down.

D. How bats use their energy at night.

 

【答案】

 

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.B

【解析】

試題分析：蝙蝠晚上在空中飛舞，捕捉小蟲子和其它的小動物，白天卻幾乎不動，倒掛在一個(gè)隱秘的地方。蝙蝠為什么這樣休息呢?這有好幾個(gè)原因。其一，是為了讓自己處在一個(gè)起飛的位置；其二，是為了防備敵人。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段it puts them in a position for takeoff. Unlike birds, bats can’t fly into the air from the ground.它可以讓它們處在一個(gè)起飛的位置，蝙蝠不像其它的鳥一樣可以從地面起飛。故選B。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段During the hours when most enemies are active, bats gather where few animals would think to look and most can’t reach.，在大多數(shù)敵人很活躍的時(shí)候，蝙蝠躲在一個(gè)極少動物會認(rèn)為需要查看或是大多數(shù)夠不著的地方。other flying animals don’t have the ability to hang upside down其它飛行動物都沒有倒掛的能力，可知倒掛的這種休息方式是很好的躲避敵人的辦法。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四行their tendons are connected only to the upper body, not to a muscle.它們的腱只跟上面的身體連在一起，而不跟肌肉相連。故選D。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句There are a couple of reasons why bats rest this way蝙蝠為什么這樣休息有好幾個(gè)原因可知。故選B。

考點(diǎn)：考查科教類短文閱讀。

 

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