Question

【題目】Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as even when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(嘗試) increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表) are an exception(例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

【1】What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

【2】The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.

A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules

C. making a comparison D. using examples

【3】According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.

A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies

【4】What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. It's helpful only in a limited way.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】 A

【2】 D

【3】 A

【4】 B

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。短文講述什么是超量學(xué)習(xí)及超量學(xué)習(xí)（學(xué)習(xí)到熟記的地步）的法則。超量學(xué)習(xí)就是我們曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的一些東西，額外學(xué)習(xí)如何增加記憶的時間。額外學(xué)習(xí)法則表現(xiàn)在考試前的突擊學(xué)習(xí)。

【1】段落大意題。第一段主要講述大人們在兒時學(xué)會的東西，即使多年不復(fù)習(xí)還是可以記得很清楚。故選A，人們在兒時學(xué)習(xí)的知識記得很好。

【2】推理判斷題。作者在解釋超量學(xué)習(xí)法則的時候，運(yùn)用了乘法口訣和考試前突擊學(xué)習(xí)的例子。故選D，舉例。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.“因?yàn)檫@是我們兒時超量學(xué)習(xí)的另一個結(jié)果。”故選A，超量學(xué)習(xí)的而結(jié)果。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段解釋考試之前的突擊學(xué)習(xí)。By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.“通過突擊學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生可以通過考試，但是很快就會忘記所學(xué)。”這種方式僅適用于考前，故選B，突擊學(xué)習(xí)在限定的方式下有用。