Public speaking and critical thinking

What is critical thinking ? to a certain degree ,it’s a matter of logic （邏輯）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people ‘s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .

In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking –the ability to see clearly

their lationships among ideas. 1  the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking.

  2    As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（機(jī)械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have.    3

What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.   4   As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately.   5    As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.

If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.

A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves

B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.

C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech

D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.

E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.

F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways

G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.

 

【答案】

 

  D           

 E

 A

 F

 G

【解析】 略

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市同升湖實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2009-2010學(xué)年度高二上學(xué)期期末考試 題型：閱讀理解


Students often want to practice their English outside class. One of the best ways to practice your English is to speak to a foreigner. You may ask, “Is it okay to try to talk to foreigners I see in the street?”
The answer is yes and no, but probably no! If you see a foreigner who looks lost, it is polite to ask him, “May I help you?” But, otherwise, you should probably let them get on with their business. Situations, however, do exist where it is quite all right to talk to foreigners. If a foreigner enters your school, classroom, office, shop or restaurant, for instance, feel free to ask him (for example):
— What is your name?
— Where do you come from?
— What do you think of Beijing?
— How long will you stay in Beijing?
There are also situations where it's okay to talk to foreigners in public places. If you see a foreigner alone in a restaurant, bar or coffee shop, it may be appropriate to ask him or her:
— Is this seat free?
— Do you mind if I talk to you in English?
You can probably help them if they are new in China and if they are alone, you may be able to make them feel more welcome.
After a few such questions, you should know whether this person wants to talk to you or not. If they ask you similar questions, or if they give long, informative answers, you're in luck. If not, then give them their privacy. Talking to strangers is fun if you choose the right time and place.
66. It is the best way to practice your spoken English with ______.
A. Japanese           B. Americans                C. our classmates           D. French people
67. From the second paragraph we can get to know that ______.
A. it is polite to stop a foreigner to talk with him in the street
B. it is polite to interrupt foreigners in a conversation
C. it is impolite to interrupt a foreigner when he or she is on business
D. it is impolite to help a foreigner find his way
68. When you first meet a foreigner, you should say “_______”
A. Where are you going?                           B. Have you ten your dinner?
C. Can you help me with my English?         D. Nice to meet you.
69. The writer suggests to us that we should ______.
A. follow the foreigners when we meet them in the street
B. talk with a foreigner in an accepted way
C. have a meal with foreigners in a restaurant
D. move to a place where a foreigner lives
70. This passage comes from a newspaper in column ________.
A. Sports               B. Health               C. Language                 D. Business

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011-2012學(xué)年浙江省溫州市龍灣中學(xué)高一第一次月考英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

You are enjoying the beautiful scenery in a quiet place, but suddenly the peace and quiet is interrupted（打斷）by the noisy sound of a cellphone(手機(jī))! Cellphones are everywhere, and some people don’t know what the limits of cellphone use are.
For me, it’s just a matter of education, good manners, and common sense. If I go to a beautiful place, it is because I want to enjoy nature. I can do it, but without bothering (打擾) other people.
Nowadays, that’s the biggest problem. People disturb other people, first with the ringing of their cellphones and then with their conversations because they usually speak very loudly. Not everybody in a public place should have to listen to private conversations (私人談話). Even more annoying, you hear just one part of the conversation.
People need to learn how to use cellphones correctly. If there is an emergency (緊急情況)，cellphones are acceptable, but remember that just a few years ago few people had cellphones and the whole society survived!
But again, not everybody wants to listen to other people’s private conversations. It’s like smoking. People don’t want to be bothered by smokers. Our society has to learn to respect other people.
Sometimes when you are talking to someone, that person interrupts the conversation because of a cellphone call, without saying “I’m sorry.” That is bad manners. They don’t know how to respect other people. It’s just common sense! But our society is sometimes so “common senseless!” So, we have to write some rules to prohibit（禁止）cellphone use in some places.
【小題1】What could be the best title for the passage?

A．Cellphone Manners Are a MustB．How to Use Cellphones
C．Don’t Disturb OthersD．The Popularity (流行) of Cellphones
【小題2】According to the author, what is the biggest problem nowadays?
A．People are disturbed by those who use cellphones.
B．People can’t hear the other part of the conversation.
C．Private conversations are carried out on cellphones.
D．Not everyone uses a cellphone in public places.
【小題3】By saying “People don’t want to be bothered by smokers” (Para. 5), the author  really means _____.
A．smoking also does harm to other people’s health
B．people don’t want to listen to others talk
C．people don’t want to be bothered by cellphone talkers
D．some people don’t want others to smoke
【小題4】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．If we interrupt the conversation with a cellphone call, we should say sorry.
B．Some of the cellphone users don’t have good manners.
C．Before using cellphones, we must know how to respect others.
D．People who use cellphones are not interested in beautiful scenery at all.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013屆安徽省亳州市高三摸底聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：填空題

There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable．This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds．
The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather．
They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things．Therefore, they are continually discontented （不滿意的） ．By their remarks, they soar （提升） the pleasures of society, offend （冒犯 ） many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere．If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied．
The tendency to criticize and be disgusted （厭惡） is perhaps taken up originally by imitation． It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors．The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit．
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that．This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments．If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success．Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes．If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them．
These people should change this bad habit．If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them．
Title: Two Types of People

Although they are both healthy and wealthy and they live a 【小題1】 life, they have different attitudes.
Reasons
The different ways that they 【小題2】anything and anyone.
The result【小題3】their minds.
Characteristics of two types of people
The people to be happy think 【小題4】of anything and anyone and they are optimistic. On the【小題5】，the people lo be unhappy are pessimistic (悲觀的）.
【小題6】 towards the people to be unhappy
If they attempt to _【小題7】_ some advantage in rank or fortune, they will not be favored.
If they make themselves【小題8】in public, they will not be defended or _【小題9】_.
Conclusion
The people to be unhappy should change this bad habit, 【小題10】others will avoid any contact with them.
 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013-2014學(xué)年重慶市高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

We’re one of the biggest ESL professional organizations in Shanghai, China and we have 10 primary schools, 2 middle schools, and 5 kindergartens in Shanghai and 1 in Suzhou. For these schools, we only need oral English teachers.

We also own an international school whose name is Shanghai World Foreign Language Primary and Middle School. For this school, we need classroom teachers and subject teachers to teach Science, PE, and Music in English.

We prefer to hire experienced teachers with TESOL or Teacher’s Certificate. If you want to know more about us, please visit our website at http://www.shyulun.com/.

●Dates and Durations

We need 1 teacher for every position as below:

1. Classroom Teacher Position in Shanghai World Foreign Language Primary School (From 17th Feb 2009, 12 months)

2. Subject Teacher Position in Shanghai World Foreign Language Middle School (From 1st Sep 2009, 10 months)

3. Oral English teachers in Shanghai Changning Experimental Primary School (From 3rd March 2009, 3 months)

●Basic requirements for the Positions

1. Native English speakers for all of the above positions

2. Bachelor Degree at least (Position 1 and 2) with related teaching experience

3. TESOL or related certificate (Position 3)

●Working Conditions and Environment www.zxxk.com

The schools are the top schools in Shanghai with libraries and public computer rooms. Every teacher will have the office desk, free access to the Internet. We provide teaching materials and teaching guidelines.

●Salary, International Travel Allowance and Bonus

The salary ranges from 6,000 RMB to 10,000 RMB per month according to the position you apply for, which can ensure you have a comfortable life in Shanghai.

We will offer you part or full international travel allowances depending on how long you will work for us. Generally, we will pay you a return ticket for one year contract.

1.The ESL professional organization in Shanghai wants to take on         .

A. some language teachers to work in Shanghai

B. some native English teachers to work in Suzhou

C. some language teachers to work in Suzhou

D. some native English teachers to work in Shanghai

2.Those who are going to work for the organization will         .

A. prepare teaching materials themselves

B. get at least $6,000 a month

C. get international travel allowances

D. buy their return tickets themselves

3.If you want to be hired as a classroom teacher by the above organization, you should         .

A. speak several languages

B. have Bachelor Degree

C. present good teaching plans

D. know how to teach middle school students

4.The passage is probably taken from a         .

A. novel    B. travel guide  C. news report  D. Website

 

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