【題目】 In 1500, the world’s population was about 435 million. Today，it is 5. 5 billion, with more than a million children being born every day. The rapid growth in population since 1800 is largely due to improvements in food production and medical knowledge. In many parts of the world, rapid population growth causes serious problems, such as food shortages and overcrowding in cities.

URBAN POPULATION

In 1900，only 10 percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Today, that figure is about 50 percent. The table below lists the world's most populous cities.

CITY POPULATION

Tokyo 27,245,000

Sao Paulo 19,235,000

New York 16,158,000

Mexico City 15,276,000

Bombay 13,322,000

Shanghai 12,670,000

Los Angles 11,853,000

ADULT LITERACY

Adult literacy rates show the number of people over the age of 15 who can read and write. The table below lists the average literacy rates for a variety of countries.

COUNTRY PERCENTAGE OF POPLLA1ION

United States of America 99

United Kingdom 99

Brazil 82

China 80

Kuwait 74

Afghanistan 32

Somalia 24

Niger 14

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Life expectancy is the average length of time a person is likely to live. People in wealthier countries generally have higher life expectancies than people in poorer countries.

LIFE (MALE) LIFE (FEMALE)

EXPECTANCY EXPECTANCY

COUNTRY AGE COUNTRY AGE

Japan 76.8 Japan 82.9

Iceland 76.3 Iceland 81.9

Sweden 76.1 Sweden 81.7

Greece 75.5 Greece 76.8

TOP TEN LANGUAGES

LANGUAGE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS

Chinese (Mainland) 885

English 322

Spanish 266

Bengali 189

Hindi 182

Portuguese 170

Russian 170

Japanese 125

German 98

Chinese (Wu) 77

(注:以上表格中的數(shù)字近年來已有改動(dòng)。2015年上海人口已排名世界第三位。)

【1】According to the information, which problem is associated with rapid population growth?

A.Excess food being wasted.B.Too many people living in the city.

C.Experimentation with food production.D.More people practicing medicine.

【2】According to the information about “urban population,” which of the following statements is true?

A.In 1900, about 10 percent of the world population lived in cities.

B.Los Angles and Shanghai have the same population.

C.The population of Bombay is greater than that of New York.

D.The third most populated city is Tokyo.

【3】The overall purpose of this information is to ____.

A.show how the standard of living in poor countries has recently improved

B.describe how poor countries with large populations feed their people

C.report on worldwide trends in population and living standards

D.question the reason for high life expectancy in wealthy countries

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。說明在世界上許多地方隨著人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)造成了許多嚴(yán)重的問題，例如糧食短缺和城市人口過多。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句In many parts of the world, rapid population growth causes serious problems, such as food shortages and overcrowding in cities.可知，人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)造成了許多嚴(yán)重的問題，例如糧食短缺和城市人口過多，故選B。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)urban population中的數(shù)據(jù)可知，Los Angles人口比Shanghai少，Bombay人口比New York少，New York 人口是16,158,000排在第第三。故選A。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句以及四個(gè)表格標(biāo)題ADULT LITERACY，URBAN POPULATION，LIFE EXPECTANCY和TOP TEN LANGUAGES，可知是人口增長(zhǎng)后對(duì)社會(huì)人文各個(gè)方面的影響，故選C答案。

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